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. 2025;12(1):16-33.
doi: 10.1080/23293691.2024.2377963. Epub 2024 Jul 29.

Exploring the Experiences of Community-Based Doulas That Serve Immigrant, Migrant, and Refugee Clients in Arkansas

Britni L Ayers  1 , Philmar Mendoza Kabua  2 , Sarah Moore  3 , Leslie Stone  4 , Jennifer A Andersen  1 , Krista Langston  3 , Pearl A McElfish  1
Affiliations

Exploring the Experiences of Community-Based Doulas That Serve Immigrant, Migrant, and Refugee Clients in Arkansas

Britni L Ayers et al. Womens Reprod Health (Phila). 2025.

Abstract

Immigrant women in the United States often have poorer maternal and infant outcomes and suboptimal experiences of maternity care compared to non-immigrant women in the same setting. The purpose of this study was to explore community-based doulas' experiences of working with immigrant clients and maternal health care providers in Arkansas. A descriptive qualitative design was used. Themes emerged within three categories: 1) experiences with immigrant clients; 2) experiences with maternal health care providers; and 3) suggestions to improve support for immigrant clients. Within the first theme, three subthemes emerged: 1) language barriers; 2) transportation; and 3) access to food and housing. Within the second theme, two subthemes emerged: 1) dismissive; and 2) takes time to build rapport. Within the third theme, two subthemes emerged: 1) listen to the client and improve communication; and 2) more community-based doulas. Community-based doula programs may help address poorer health outcomes faced by immigrant women.

Keywords: Community-Based Doula; Immigrant; Maternal Health Care Providers; Migrant; Refugee.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: There are no conflicts of interest.

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