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Review
. 2025 May-Jun;15(3):612-623.
doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.022. Epub 2025 Apr 8.

The influence of chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus on resistin levels of gingival crevicular fluid- a systematic review and meta-analysis

Dax Abraham  1 , Alpa Gupta  1 , Arun Kumar Duraisamy  2 , Mrinalini Mrinalini  1
Affiliations
Review

The influence of chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus on resistin levels of gingival crevicular fluid- a systematic review and meta-analysis

Dax Abraham et al. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2025 May-Jun.

Abstract

Aim: Chronic periodontitis (CP), a prevalent inflammatory dental disease, has been linked to systemic conditions like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate resistin levels in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) of CP individuals with T2DM. The objective was to determine if resistin could be a potential biomarker for periodontal disease in T2DM individuals.

Methods: The review included data from seventeen clinical studies that investigated resistin levels in GCF of individuals diagnosed with CP and T2DM. Data were sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost, selected for their extensive coverage of medical and dental research, ensuring thorough retrieval of relevant studies. From the initial seventeen studies, five complied with the strict inclusion criteria for meta-analysis.

Results: Using a comprehensive meta-analysis, the significance of GCF Resistin levels in individuals with CP and T2DM relative to the healthy groups was examined. In addition, a meta-analysis was carried out to look into the relationship between periodontal probing depth (PPD) and CP and T2DM. The results indicated that individuals with T2DM and CP had significantly higher GCF resistin levels than the other groups. Furthermore, the PPD in T2DM with CP was significantly greater than in the other groups.

Conclusion: The present review highlights the potential role of resistin as a biomarker to diagnose individuals with chronic periodontitis and T2DM.

Clinical significance: The significantly elevated levels of resistin suggest that resistin could serve as a potential biomarker for T2DM in individuals with CP. This could lead to improved methods of early diagnosis and treatment, which could enhance individual outcomes and quality of life.

Prospero registration: The registration number CRD42023467186.

Keywords: Biomarker; Chronic periodontitis; Diabetes mellitus; Gingival crevicular fluid; Periodontal pocket; Resistin.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Image 1
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PRISMA flowchart.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Risk of Bias assessment of included studies a) Randomised control trial studies by RoB 2.0 tool, and b) observational studies by New- Castle Ottawa (NOS) tool.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Forest plot showing the resistin levels in GCF of chronic periodontitis individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and healthy individuals and sub-group analysis.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Forest plot showing the resistin levels in GCF of chronic periodontitis individuals and controls and sub-group analysis.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Forest plot showing the periodontal probing depth of chronic periodontitis individuals and controls and sub-group analysis.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Forest plot showing the resistin levels in GCF chronic periodontitis individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and chronic periodontitis and sub-group analysis.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Forest plot showing the periodontal probing depth of chronic periodontitis individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and healthy individuals and sub-group analysis.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Forest plot showing the periodontal probing depth of chronic periodontitis individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and chronic periodontitis and sub-group analysis.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Funnel plot of studies showing the publication bias.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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