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Comparative Study
. 2025 Apr;30(15):2400515.
doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.15.2400515.

Description and comparison of national surveillance systems and response measures for Aedes-borne diseases in France, Italy and Portugal: a benchmarking study, 2023

Emmanouil Alexandros Fotakis  1   2 , Berta Grau-Pujol  2   3   4 , David Kelly  5   2 , Pedro Pinto Leite  4 , João Vieira Martins  4 , Maria João Alves  6 , Marco Di Luca  1 , Giulietta Venturi  1 , Federica Ferraro  7 , Florian Franke  5 , Clément Pietin  8 , Clémentine Calba  5 , Tanja Charles  9 , Flavia Riccardo  1 , Paula Vasconcelos  3 , Lauriane Ramalli  5
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Description and comparison of national surveillance systems and response measures for Aedes-borne diseases in France, Italy and Portugal: a benchmarking study, 2023

Emmanouil Alexandros Fotakis et al. Euro Surveill. 2025 Apr.

Abstract

BackgroundRegions of southern Europe are increasingly colonised by Aedes albopictus, with incidence of autochthonous dengue cases rising in recent years.AimWe describe and compare Aedes-borne disease (dengue, chikungunya and Zika) incidence from 2017 to 2023, and the surveillance systems and response measures operating in France, Italy and Portugal in 2023, to improve surveillance, prevention, preparedness and response in Europe.MethodsWe performed a benchmarking analysis to systematically capture the systems used in each country. We collected data from key-informant interviews, national guidelines, reports and scientific literature using a standardised questionnaire adapted from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control framework.ResultsAll three countries have an integrated surveillance system for Aedes-borne diseases and share similarities in surveillance type, geographic coverage and case definitions. Differences entail mainly event-based and active surveillance activities. Geographic coverage of vector surveillance is national in France and Portugal but regional in Italy. In response to autochthonous transmission, all countries implement/foresee active case-finding and blood safety protocols, while France and Italy strongly rely on vector control. Upon vector detection in non-colonised areas, the three countries implement ad hoc entomological surveillance and vector control.ConclusionsSurveillance systems and response measures in France, Italy and Portugal are broadly similar, with variations reflecting differences in healthcare system organisation (centralised in Portugal and France, regionalised in Italy), Ae. albopictus distribution and local transmission of Aedes-borne diseases. Risk-based surveillance, considering the national and cross-border epidemiological and entomological situations, can strengthen preparedness and early warning for Aedes-borne diseases in Europe.

Keywords: Aedes-borne disease; Cross-border; arboviruses; emerging infectious disease; preparedness; surveillance.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Routine human surveillance systems and response measures to Aedes-borne disease in France, Italy and Portugal, excluding overseas territories, 2023
Figure 2
Figure 2
Routine vector surveillance systems and response measures to Aedes species in France, Italy and Portugal (excluding overseas territories) as of 2023
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