Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Mar-Apr;30(2):e70035.
doi: 10.1111/hel.70035.

Parietal Cell Antibody Levels Among Chronic Gastritis Patients in a Country With Low Helicobacter pylori Infection: Epidemiology, Histopathological Features, and H. pylori Infection

Rizki Amalia  1   2 , Muhammad Miftahussurur  2   3 , Ari Fahrial Syam  4 , Tomohisa Uchida  5 , Ricky Indra Alfaray  1   2 , Kartika Afrida Fauzia  6 , Yudith Annisa Ayu Rezkitha  7 , Junko Akada  1 , Takashi Matsumoto  1 , Yoshio Yamaoka  1   3   8   9
Affiliations

Parietal Cell Antibody Levels Among Chronic Gastritis Patients in a Country With Low Helicobacter pylori Infection: Epidemiology, Histopathological Features, and H. pylori Infection

Rizki Amalia et al. Helicobacter. 2025 Mar-Apr.

Abstract

Background: Despite the low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Indonesia, the high incidence of gastritis, predominantly atrophic gastritis, suggests that factors such as autoimmune gastritis (AIG) contribute to this unusual pattern. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology of AIG, histopathology, and its association with H. pylori status in Indonesia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in various regions in Indonesia between 2014 and 2017; 380 eligible sera and gastric biopsies were available when this study was conducted. As many as 138 sera samples were included in this study based on the initial examination by the updated Sydney system. The diagnosis of AIG was confirmed by serologic testing for parietal-cell antibodies (PCA) and detailed histopathological assessment with sparing of antrum histopathological features.

Results: Among the included samples in this study, 78.99% (109/138) were PCA positive (≥ 10 RU/mL) and 0.72% (1/138) were considered to be diagnosed as AIG (spared from antrum histopathological features). The majority of PCA positive cases were H. pylori positive (61/109; 55.96%) with a significant correlation (p < 0.05, R = 0.31). Additionally, a significant association was found between H. pylori infection and PCA level with gastric histopathological features (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the incidence of gastritis without H. pylori infection in Indonesia is not attributable to AIG, as only a single AIG-positive case was found. These findings underscore the important role of H. pylori as a pathogenic factor in chronic gastritis and highlight its mechanisms in triggering immune responses and driving disease progression and histopathological changes.

Keywords: H. pylori; PCA; autoimmune gastritis; epidemiology; infection.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. M. Miftahussurur, R. I. Alfaray, K. A. Fauzia, et al., “Low‐Grade Intestinal Metaplasia in Indonesia: Insights Into the Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines During Helicobacter pylori Infection and Unique East‐Asian CagA Characteristics,” Cytokine 163 (2023): 156122, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CYTO.2022.156122.
    1. E. Orgler, S. Dabsch, P. Malfertheiner, and C. Schulz, “Autoimmune Gastritis: Update and New Perspectives in Therapeutic Management,” Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology 21, no. 1 (2023): 64–77, https://doi.org/10.1007/S11938‐023‐00406‐4.
    1. X. Guo, M. W. J. Schreurs, F. E. Marijnissen, et al., “Increased Prevalence of Autoimmune Gastritis in Patients With a Gastric Precancerous Lesion,” Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 19 (2023): 6152, https://doi.org/10.3390/JCM12196152/S1.
    1. Y. F. Yu, K. K. Tong, X. L. Shangguan, et al., “Research Status and Hotspots of Autoimmune Gastritis: A Bibliometric Analysis,” World Journal of Gastroenterology 29, no. 42 (2023): 5781–5799, https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v29.i42.5781.
    1. N. Zádori, D. Németh, L. Szakó, et al., “Prevalence of Autoimmune‐Phenomena Behind Chronic Gastritis of Unknown Origin, and Their Role in the Poor Histological Outcome of the Stomach: A Single‐Centre, Retrospective Cross‐Sectional Study,” Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases 31, no. 2 (2022): 168–175, https://doi.org/10.15403/JGLD‐4218.

MeSH terms