Pheochromocytoma and Paragangliomas: Current Management Strategies

Abstract

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors with complex clinical presentations and potential for malignancy. This review highlights advancements in biochemical testing, imaging, genetic counseling, and surgical management, which have improved diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes. Minimally invasive surgical approaches are commonly preferred, but open surgery remains necessary for larger or complex tumors. Emerging treatments in the metastatic stage, such as targeted therapies and radioligand therapy, show promise. However, access to advanced imaging and treatment options varies globally, underscoring the need for multidisciplinary care and further research to optimize management strategies.

Keywords: Adrenal pheochromocytoma; Extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma; Neuroendocrine tumors; Paraganglioma; Pheochromocytoma.