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. 2025 Apr 18;15(1):13388.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-97310-x.

Trend and burden of adult cancer-related hospitalizations in the United States

Muni Rubens  1   2   3 , Sandeep Appunni  4 , Anshul Saxena  5   6 , Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy  6 , Atulya Aman Khosla  7 , Peter McGranaghan  8   9 , Mayur Doke  10 , Veda Rabishanker  11 , Yanjia Zhang  6
Affiliations

Trend and burden of adult cancer-related hospitalizations in the United States

Muni Rubens et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

To calculate national trends and estimates of cancer-related hospitalizations, hospital outcomes, and hospitalization costs. The current study was a retrospective analysis of National Inpatient Sample data, collected during 2008 to 2019. Adult cancer hospitalizations were identified by Clinical Classifications Software codes. We estimated weighted frequencies, proportions, and trends in cancer-related hospitalizations, hospital outcomes, and hospitalization costs. The primary outcome of the study was cancer-related hospitalizations, and secondary outcomes were the reasons for hospitalization, disposition status, hospital length of stay, and hospitalization cost. There were 371 million weighted hospitalizations during 2008 to 2019, of which 15.1% (56 million) were cancer related. The most common cancer types were breast cancer (11.9%), secondary malignancies (11.2%), and prostate cancer (10.3%), and the most common reasons for cancer-related hospitalizations were septicemia (4.8%), pneumonia (4.7%), and complications of surgical procedures or medical care (3.1%). Trend analysis showed that the total number of cancer-related hospitalizations increased from 12,963 to 16,500 per 100,000 hospitalizations during the study period (relative increase, 27.3%). Mortality rates decreased from 5.1% to 4.0% (relative decrease, 21.6%), while hospital length of stay decreased from 3.5 to 3.2 days (relative decrease, 8.6%), during the study period. Disposition to home or short-term facilities decreased (relative decrease, 3.1%), while to long-term facilities increased (relative increase, 20.6%) during the same period. Total hospitalization cost increased from $55.5 billion in 2008 to $76.4 billion in 2019 (relative increase, 37.7%). Our study provides preliminary estimates and findings for developing an evidence base for understanding cancer-related hospitalizations.

Keywords: Cancer; Cost; Disposition; Hospitalization; Length of stay; Mortality; Trends.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Trends in cancer-related hospitalization rate (A), in-hospital mortality rate (B), hospital length of stay (C), and total hospitalization cost (D).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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