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Meta-Analysis
. 2025 Apr 4:13:1565621.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1565621. eCollection 2025.

Prevalence and burden of HBV-HIV co-morbidity: a global systematic review and meta-analysis

Mequanente Dagnaw  1   2 , Achenef Asmamaw Muche  1 , Bisrat Misganaw Geremew  1 , Lemma Derseh Gezie  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Prevalence and burden of HBV-HIV co-morbidity: a global systematic review and meta-analysis

Mequanente Dagnaw et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Introduction: Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Because of the shared modes of transmission, co-infections of HBV are common among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. While the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved the life expectancy of HIV patients, hepatitis viral co-infections have become increasingly important. Particularly, HBV infection remains under-diagnosed and under-reported, despite its highly infectious nature. Therefore, this review was aimed at understanding the burden of hepatitis B disease among adults living with HIV receiving ART.

Methods: Using pertinent search terms, all research found in Google Scholar, HINARI, EMBAS, Scopus, and PubMed was located. Data were extracted following the evaluation of the evidence using the Joanna Briggs Institute's cross-sectional and cohort study methodologies.

Result: A total of 18 groups involving 71,411 adults with HBV-HIV were selected for the study. Of those, 10.21% with 95% CI (5.06, 15.36) and 11.05% with 95% CI (2.78, 19.32) of HBV-HIV adults worldwide had an overall prevalence of HBV, with an I2 value of 0.0% (p-value = 0.729) and an I2 value of 0.0% (p-value = 0.818) from cross-sectional and cohort studies, respectively.

Conclusion: The global prevalence of people living with HBV-HIV is high, which poses a serious risk to public health. The review can clearly show the current pooled prevalence of HIV-HBV in the world, which may be helpful for policymakers because a large number of recent studies were included in it. Thus, it is strongly advised to broaden the current preventive and control program's purview and implement new, sensitive screening, testing, and treatment techniques. To raise community awareness, it would also be preferable to revamp the current prevention and control program and establish target-specific task forces at various health facility levels.

Keywords: HBV; HBV-HIV comorbidity; HIV; art; meta-analysis; systematic review.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of study selection for systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and burden of HBV co-morbidity among people living with HIV, 2024.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Continental distributions of the study of prevalence and burden of HBV co-morbidity among people living with HIV, 2024.
Figure 3
Figure 3
A Galbraith plot of articles included in the review to look for the existence of heterogeneity from cross-sectional studies.
Figure 4
Figure 4
A Galbraith plot of articles included in the review to look for the existence of heterogeneity from cohort studies.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence and burden of HBV co-morbidity among people living with HIV in the world from cross-sectional studies, 2024.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence and burden of HBV co-morbidity among people living with HIV in the world from cohort studies, 2024.
Figure 7
Figure 7
A graphical inspection of subgroup analysis from cross-sectional studies by country.
Figure 8
Figure 8
A graphical inspection of subgroup analysis from cross-sectional studies by study year.
Figure 9
Figure 9
A graphical inspection of subgroup analysis from cross-sectional studies by study setting.
Figure 10
Figure 10
A graphical inspection of sensitivity from cross-sectional studies by country.
Figure 11
Figure 11
A graphical inspection of publication using a funnel plot of effect sizes versus the standard error of the effect sizes of cross-sectional studies.
Figure 12
Figure 12
A graphical inspection of publication bias treatment using trim and fill assessment from cross-sectional studies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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