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Comment
. 2025 Apr 16;25(3):198-200.
doi: 10.1177/15357597251323126. eCollection 2025 May-Jun.

Adenosine Makes a Scene

Helen E Scharfman  1
Affiliations
Comment

Adenosine Makes a Scene

Helen E Scharfman. Epilepsy Curr. .
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
A A simplified schematic of the dentate gyrus cell types and circuitry. A compact layer of glutamatergic granule cells is surrounded by a molecular layer with outer, middle and inner subdivisions where their dendrites are located, and a polymorphic layer (hilus) containing glutamatergic mossy cells and diverse GABAergic neurons (eg, parvalbumin-expressing, PV and somatostatin-expressing, SOM). Granule cells have giant boutons that innervate mossy cells and CA3 pyramidal cells and conventional boutons on GABAergic neurons. Mossy cells innervate GCs and GABAergic neurons. B. The MC synapse with GCs is shown. Nasrallah and colleagues showed that high frequency activity in GCs leads to release of BDNF from GCs, which activates TrkB on GC dendrites and induces passive release of adenosine from GCs by equilabrative nucleoside transporters (ENT). Adenosine binds to mossy cell A2ARs to promote a presynaptic form of MC→GC LTP. C In TLE many changes can develop, such as loss of mossy cells and innervation of the IML by GC axon collaterals (mossy fiber sprouting). Thus, MC→GC synapses decrease and GC→GC synapses increase. There is dispersion of the GC layer. Increased numbers of GCs are born and some are located in the hilus (ectopic), which contribute to mossy fiber sprouting. Some GCs hypertrophy. D The changes that occur in C could influence presynaptic LTP. In addition, GC BDNF increases, and A2ARs increase. Activated astrocytes are present, and have less adenosine. Additional alterations (not shown) also may occur that influence LTP, such as changes in dendritic structure and gene expression.
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