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Review
. 2025 Jul;41(7):1289-1301.
doi: 10.1007/s12264-025-01399-z. Epub 2025 Apr 21.

What Information do Systemic Pathological Changes Bring to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease?

Jinyue Zhou  1 , Xiaoli Sun  2 , Keren Wang  3 , Min Shen  4 , Jingbo Yu  1 , Qi Yao  1 , Hang Hong  5 , Chunlan Tang  6 , Qinwen Wang  7
Affiliations
Review

What Information do Systemic Pathological Changes Bring to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease?

Jinyue Zhou et al. Neurosci Bull. 2025 Jul.

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is regarded as a neurodegenerative disease, and it has been proposed that AD may be a systemic disease. Studies have reported associations between non-neurological diseases and AD. The correlations between AD pathology and systemic (non-neurological) pathological changes are intricate, and the mechanisms underlying these correlations and their causality are unclear. In this article, we review the association between AD and disorders of other systems. In addition, we summarize the possible mechanisms associated with AD and disorders of other systems, mainly from the perspective of AD pathology. Regarding the relationship between AD and systemic pathological changes, we aim to provide a new outlook on the early warning signs and treatment of AD, such as establishing a diagnostic and screening system based on more accessible peripheral samples.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Central nervous system; Non-neurological diseases; Peripheral system.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interests: All authors claim that there are no conflicts of interest.

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