Planetary intelligence in the ICU

Enrique Castro-Sánchez^{1

2}, Timothy M Rawson^{3

4}

Affiliations

¹ NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance at Imperial College London, London, UK. e.castro-sanchez@imperial.ac.uk.
² Global Health Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain. e.castro-sanchez@imperial.ac.uk.
³ NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance at Imperial College London, London, UK.
⁴ Centre for Antimicrobial Optimisation, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Enrique Castro-Sánchez et al. Intensive Care Med. 2025 Jul.

. 2025 Jul;51(7):1408-1409.

doi: 10.1007/s00134-025-07898-x. Epub 2025 Apr 22.

Enrique Castro-Sánchez^{1

2}, Timothy M Rawson^{3

4}

¹ NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance at Imperial College London, London, UK. e.castro-sanchez@imperial.ac.uk.
² Global Health Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain. e.castro-sanchez@imperial.ac.uk.
³ NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance at Imperial College London, London, UK.
⁴ Centre for Antimicrobial Optimisation, Imperial College London, London, UK.

No abstract available

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflicts of interest: The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.

1. Spencer EJ, Economou-Zavlanos NJ, van Genderen ME (2025) What if we do, but what if we don’t? The opportunity cost of artificial intelligence hesitancy in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 51:378–381 - PubMed
1. European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (2024) ESICM green ICU white paper
1. Strubell E, Ganesh A, McCallum A (2019) Energy and policy considerations for deep learning in NLP. ACL
1. Duane B et al (2021) Environmental sustainability in the ICU. Lancet Planet Health 5(6):e308–e309
1. Gupta J, Bai X, Liverman DM, Rockström J, Qin D, Stewart-Koster B, Rocha JC, Jacobson L, Abrams JF, Andersen LS, Armstrong McKay DI, Bala G, Bunn SE, Ciobanu D, DeClerck F, Ebi KL, Gifford L, Gordon C, Hasan S, Kanie N, Lenton TM, Loriani S, Mohamed A, Nakicenovic N, Obura D, Ospina D, Prodani K, Rammelt C, Sakschewski B, Scholtens J, Tharammal T, van Vuuren D, Verburg PH, Winkelmann R, Zimm C, Bennett E, Bjørn A, Bringezu S, Broadgate WJ, Bulkeley H, Crona B, Green PA, Hoff H, Huang L, Hurlbert M, Inoue CYA, Kılkış Ş, Lade SJ, Liu J, Nadeem I, Ndehedehe C, Okereke C, Otto IM, Pedde S, Pereira L, Schulte-Uebbing L, Tàbara JD, de Vries W, Whiteman G, Xiao C, Xu X, Zafra-Calvo N, Zhang X, Fezzigna P, Gentile G. A just world on a safe planet: a Lancet Planetary Health-Earth Commission report on Earth-system boundaries, translations, and transformations. Lancet Planet Health (10):e813–e873. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00042-1