Ameliorating effects of Ascorbic acid and Ammi Visnaga seeds on cigarette and water- pipe smoking Cytotoxicity in the lung and heart ventricle

Abstract

A current study investigated the effects of smoking (Cigarettes and Water-pipes) on the lung and cardiac ventricles by comparing the cytotoxic effects of smoking with certain natural antioxidants. 56 male albino rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups (N = 8 per group). Group 1 was a negative control that was exposed to fresh air; Group 2 was a positive group exposed to the most popular cigarette brands in the Jordanian market (red LM cigarettes) for 30 consecutive days, one cigarette per rat. Groups 3 and 4 were exposed to a cigarette smoking treatment with one of the natural antioxidants (vitamin C, Ammi Visnagia seed extract, respectively). Rats in group 5 were exposed to flavored water-pipe smoke resulting from the complete burning of 20 g from one coastal for 30 days, one session a day, and groups 6-7 were exposed to cigarette smoking with treatment with one of the selected natural antioxidants (Ascorbic acid vitamin C, Ammi Visnagia seed extract). According to immunohistochemistry investigations, smoking exposure has been linked to negative tissue consequences. Both types of smoking models induced the expression of the p53 protein in heart and lung tissues. However, p53 was mildly expressed in the heart and considerably in the lung. In conclusion, investigations were conducted on the impact of smoking on different levels, such as histological changes in the trachea, lung, and heart ventricle, as well as its influence on the expression of the p53 protein. The administration of Ammi Visnaga seed extract and Ascorbic acid exhibited protective effects against the detrimental effects of smoking through all the aforementioned methods.