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Review
. 2025 Apr 14;12(4):155.
doi: 10.3390/jcdd12040155.

Advances in Hypertension Management: Insights from the Latest European Guidelines

Marco Zuin  1   2   3 , Chiara Tognola  4 , Alessandro Maloberti  4   5 , Gianfranco Parati  5   6 , Stefania Angela Di Fusco  7 , Vered Gil Ad  8 , Donatella Armata  9 , Chiara Dalla Valle  10 , Furio Colivicchi  7 , Claudio Bilato  10 , Massimo Grimaldi  11 , Fabrizio Oliva  12   13 , Pier Luigi Temporelli  14 ; Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri (ANMCO) Working Groups on Cardiologica Chronicity and Cardiovascular Prevention
Affiliations
Review

Advances in Hypertension Management: Insights from the Latest European Guidelines

Marco Zuin et al. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. .

Abstract

Arterial hypertension is one of the most common and preventable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and its related mortality. Currently, the prevalence of hypertension in different European countries appears to be around 30-45% of the general population, with a steep increase with ageing. Recent European guidelines have introduced novel recommendations for the management and treatment of hypertensive patients, with direct implications in daily clinical practice. Therefore, in this focused review, we will provide answers to the most common questions regarding the diagnosis, management and treatment of arterial hypertension according to the latest available European guidelines.

Keywords: arterial hypertension; diagnosis; guidelines; treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Differences in the classification of arterial hypertension between the Guidelines of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure; HT: Hypertension.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Algorithm for the outpatient evaluation of a patient with newly diagnosed arterial hypertension.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Evaluation of organ damage mediated by arterial hypertension. TSA: Supra-aortic Trunks. US: Ultrasound.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Therapeutic algorithm for antihypertensive therapy. ACEi: ACE Inhibitors; CCB: Calcium Channel Blockers; Diuretics T: Thiazide Diuretics; Diuretics TL: Thiazide-like Diuretics.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Diagnostic algorithm to exclude resistant arterial hypertension. ABPM: Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring; HBPM: Home Blood Pressure Monitoring; RH: Resistant Hypertension; CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease; HT: Hypertension.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Classification of arterial hypertension in relation to its ambulatory measurement, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), and home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) in untreated patients (A) and treated patients (B).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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