Examining the Relationship Between Urinary Incontinence and Women's Physical Activity Engagement: Barriers and Disclosure Patterns

Abstract

Background: This study investigates the relationship between urinary incontinence (UI) and women's participation in physical activity (PA). Women are less active than men across their lifespan, and while interventions aim to bridge this gap, the unique challenge posed by UI remains underexplored. UI disproportionately affects women and often results in reduced self-confidence and avoidance of PA.

Methods: Employing a mixed-methods design, the study utilised an online survey (n = 345) and semi-structured interviews (n = 14) to explore women's experiences of UI during PA and its perceived impact relative to other barriers.

Results: Findings reveal that UI ranks prominently among barriers to PA, yet disclosure is infrequent without direct prompting. Participants highlighted anxiety, embarrassment, and the inadequacy of PA environments in accommodating UI-related needs as critical deterrents. Interviews further uncovered a lack of practitioner knowledge regarding UI, with many women favouring privacy-centric approaches to address their concerns.

Conclusions: The study underscores the necessity for tailored interventions, practitioner education, and inclusive PA environments to enhance participation and mitigate UI's impact. These findings contribute to broader efforts to promote gender equity in PA and improve women's health outcomes.

Keywords: health; physical activity; urinary incontinence; women.

Figure 1

Explanatory sequential mixed methods research design.

Figure 2

Thematic map.

Figure 3

Percentage of women disclosing UI unprompted/prompted.

Figure 4

Ranking of UI in relation to participants’ top 10 PA barriers (n = 184).

Figure 5

Effect of UI on women’s PA participation (n = 188); multiple responses could be chosen.

Figure 6

Frequency of being asked UI status (n = 187).

Figure 7

Comfort with being asked UI Status (n = 187).