Finding Peace in Pixels: Exploring the Therapeutic Mechanisms of Virtual Nature for Young Adults' Mental Well-Being

Abstract

Background: This investigation examines the phenomenological dimensions of young adults' engagement with virtual natural environments for psychological stress amelioration through rigorous thematic analysis. Contemporary epidemiological data reveal a concerning prevalence of stress among young adults aged 18 to 29 years, with approximately 30% reporting moderate to severe manifestations. Despite virtual reality (VR)'s emergence as a promising modality for mental well-being interventions, a significant lacuna exists regarding the qualitative understanding of these immersive experiences. Methods: Through semi-structured interviews with 35 young adults following a four-week VR nature intervention, we constructed a conceptual framework comprising five interconnected strata: intervention, experience, process, context, and outcome. Results: Our analysis illuminated intricate bidirectional relationships among sensory elements, emotional responses, immersion depth, interactive affordances, post-session effects, psychological development, implementation challenges, individual variability, and comparative efficacy. The findings demonstrate congruence with both Attention Restoration Theory and Stress Recovery Theory while necessitating consideration of technology-specific mediators. Notably, the identified "stress barrier" phenomenon temporarily inhibited intrusive cognitions, suggesting promising therapeutic mechanisms. Pronounced heterogeneity in environmental preferences and psychophysiological responsiveness underscores the imperative for personalized implementation strategies. Conclusions: These insights provide substantive guidance for VR nature applications across therapeutic, occupational, and educational domains, potentially augmenting our repertoire for addressing stress-related sequelae in contemporary society.

Keywords: mental health; nature exposure; stress reduction; thematic analysis; virtual reality; young adults.

Figure 1

Conceptual model of a virtual nature environment for stress reduction effects among young adults. Solid arrows indicate direct influences; dotted arrows indicate cross-layer influences.