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Review
. 2025 Apr 6;14(4):377.
doi: 10.3390/biology14040377.

Advances in Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Extraction Methods and Pharmacological Effects

Nuerbiye Nueraihemaiti  1   2   3   4 , Dilihuma Dilimulati  1   2   3   4 , Alhar Baishan  1   2   3   4 , Sendaer Hailati  1   2   3   4 , Nulibiya Maihemuti  1   2   3   4 , Alifeiye Aikebaier  1   2   3   4 , Yipaerguli Paerhati  1   2   3   4 , Wenting Zhou  1   2   3   4
Affiliations
Review

Advances in Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Extraction Methods and Pharmacological Effects

Nuerbiye Nueraihemaiti et al. Biology (Basel). .

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are those with a double-membrane structure that contains proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biologically active substances that play an important role in cell-cell and cell-environment communication. They have also become an important mechanism for exchanging biologically active substances for cellular molecules. As many studies on EVs have been conducted, plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have also started attracting attention. The biological activity and stability of PDEVs are closely related to the extraction and separation methods, and choosing a separation method that meets the requirements of PDEVs is important. The extraction methods of PDEVs include ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, etc. In recent years, it has been found through research that PDEVs possess biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-infective properties, and that they show unique advantages as therapeutic agents and drug carriers. Therefore, we have collected the scientific literature related to EVs derived from more than a dozen fruits and vegetables, and summarized and analyzed their extraction, separation, and roles in disease treatment, aiming to provide reference and inspiration for the in-depth study of the efficacy of new drugs.

Keywords: anti-infective; anti-inflammatory; anticancer; extraction; plant-derived extracellular vesicles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Methods for extracting PDEVs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Biological activities of plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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