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. 2025 Apr 9;14(8):2573.
doi: 10.3390/jcm14082573.

Sarcopenia Abdominal Muscle Mass Index Assessment Informs Surgical Decision-Making in Displaced Fractures of the Femoral Neck

Filip Brzeszczyński  1 , David Hamilton  2 , Angela Dziedzic  3 , Marek Synder  4 , Oktawiusz Bończak  1
Affiliations

Sarcopenia Abdominal Muscle Mass Index Assessment Informs Surgical Decision-Making in Displaced Fractures of the Femoral Neck

Filip Brzeszczyński et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Background: Displaced femoral neck fractures (FNFs) can be treated with hemiarthroplasty (HA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA), with THA typically offered to fitter patients. Sarcopenia increases complications and mortality after hip arthroplasty. The psoas muscle-L3 vertebra ratio (PML3) is a sarcopenia marker. This study evaluated PML3's role in predicting postoperative outcomes and guiding surgical decision-making. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at a single centre between January 2021 and December 2024. PML3 was measured on computed tomography (CT) at the L3 vertebra level for patients with displaced FNFs, comparing postoperative outcomes between HA and THA cohorts. Results: Eighty-three patients (fifty-seven female, twenty-six male) were analysed. Forty-three underwent THA, and forty underwent HA. Postoperative complications were higher in HA patients (48% vs. 21%, p = 0.019), with lower 30-day survival (90% vs. 98%). Median PML3 in the HA group was 0.70 mm2 (IQR: 0.47-1.47), lower than in the THA group (1.34 mm2, IQR: 1.00-1.78, p = 0.002). However, PML3 values for patients that suffered complications (irrespective of surgical decision) were essentially the same; HA, 0.57 mm2 (IQR: 0.43-1.83); THA 0.56 mm2 (IQR: 0.41-1.05, p = 0.847). ROC analysis showed PML3 as an acceptable predictor of postoperative complications, with an AUC of 0.71. Conclusions: Lower PML3 values correlate with higher postoperative complications and mortality following THA or HA for displaced FNFs, confirming its role as a prognostic marker. Some THA complications in low-PML3 patients might have been avoided by selecting less invasive HA, suggesting THA should be reserved for those with greater muscle reserves.

Keywords: fractures of the femoral neck; muscle mass; postoperative outcomes; sarcopenia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of PML3 measurement based on psoas major assessment on an abdominal CT scan at the L3 level, normalised to the L3 vertebral body (psoas muscle-to-L3 ratio, PML3). Created in BioRender. Dziedzic, A. (2025) https://BioRender.com/g64e900 (accessed on 30 January 2025).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flow diagram showing patient exclusion process in the study.
Figure 3
Figure 3
ROC curve of PML3. Source: OpenAI, generated using ChatGPT-4o (accessed 30 January 2025).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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