Narrative Review on Common Traits of Parkinson's Disease and Epilepsy

Abstract

Epilepsy and Parkinson's disease (PD) are two common neurological disorders, with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 1% and 0.4%, respectively. Both conditions affect movement and brain function and were traditionally considered distinct, with different pathophysiological mechanisms. However, recent research suggests potential links between them. Some studies indicate that epilepsy may contribute to the development of PD due to chronic neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, and neuronal loss. Conversely, PD-related neurodegeneration in dopaminergic pathways might increase susceptibility to seizures. This article presents a narrative review of the limited literature on the pathophysiological mechanisms linking epilepsy and PD, including shared genetic factors, neurodegenerative processes, and alterations in the neurotransmitter system. It also examines the influence of anti-seizure medications and dopaminergic treatments on the symptoms and progression of both disorders, as well as their common clinical features. Additionally, the limitations of the existing data on this topic are discussed. Understanding the true relationship between these two disorders is crucial, as it could provide insight into common neurobiological mechanisms and lead to improved therapeutic strategies.

Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; antiseizure medication (ASM); epilepsy; genetics; neurostimulation.