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. 2025 Apr 19;14(8):2829.
doi: 10.3390/jcm14082829.

Wrist Joint Restriction: Impact on Foot Pressure, Center of Gravity, and the Role of the Dominant Hand

Leire Cruz Gambero  1 , Gabriel A Gijón-Noguerón  2 , Salvador Díaz Miguel  2 , Javier Barón-López  3 , Cantero-Téllez Raquel  1
Affiliations

Wrist Joint Restriction: Impact on Foot Pressure, Center of Gravity, and the Role of the Dominant Hand

Leire Cruz Gambero et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Background: Wrist immobilization is a common clinical intervention for wrist injuries; however, its repercussions on gait parameters and plantar support have not been extensively investigated. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine whether wrist immobilization causes alterations in foot pressure and center of gravity, considering hand dominance and visual conditions (eyes open or closed). Methods: The research experiment was conducted using the PodoPrint S4 platform. Basic descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize the variables. Additionally, in the mixed linear model (t-tests use Satterthwaite's method) an analysis of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA-RM) was conducted for the determination of the objectives of the study. Results: This study included a total of 44 participants (29 females and 15 males), with an average age of 36.5 years (SD = 17.5). Immobilization, independent of eye condition, resulted in significant alterations in antero-posterior oscillation and in a larger plantar support area. In addition, the results suggest that the eye state significantly influences plantar support, independent of limb immobilization or dominance. Conclusions: Our findings reveal significant alterations in antero-posterior oscillation and plantar support due to immobilization, suggesting a dynamic interplay between wrist function and lower limb biomechanics.

Keywords: foot pressure; foot support; gravity; wrist immobilization.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Antero-posterior oscillation associated with state of eyes (open vs. closed).
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Immobilization impacts APO irrespective of eye condition. (b). Differences between dominant and non-dominant sides.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Immobilization impacts APO irrespective of eye condition. (b). Differences between dominant and non-dominant sides.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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