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Observational Study
. 2025 Apr 12;17(8):1334.
doi: 10.3390/nu17081334.

Frailty and Energy Intake Deficiency Reduce the Efficiency of Activities of Daily Living in Patients with Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Yusuke Tamamura  1 , Chihiro Hachiuma  2 , Michiko Matsuura  1 , Sumiko Shiba  3 , Toshio Nishikimi  4
Affiliations
Observational Study

Frailty and Energy Intake Deficiency Reduce the Efficiency of Activities of Daily Living in Patients with Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Yusuke Tamamura et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Background/Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between rehabilitation effectiveness (RE) and pre-admission Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) scores and energy intake. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 735 patients (81 ± 10 years; male: 27.5%) with musculoskeletal disorders discharged from convalescent rehabilitation wards between April 2018 and April 2024. The patients were classified into four groups based on their CFS scores (non-frail, CFS 1-3; frail, CFS ≥ 4) and rate of energy intake (energy-sufficient vs. energy-deficient). Group comparisons of RE were conducted, and the relationships between the CFS score, energy intake, and RE were analyzed. Results: The RE was significantly lower in the frail/energy-deficient group (53.6 [41.9-78.1]) than in the non-frail/energy-sufficient (78.5 [61.8-90.7]), non-frail/energy-deficient (70.6 [53.4-87.4]), and frail/energy-sufficient (59.9 [41.9-78.1]) groups. Additionally, the frail/energy-sufficient group had significantly lower RE scores than the non-frail/energy-sufficient and non-frail/energy-deficient groups. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age, male sex, CFS score, energy intake, handgrip strength, Functional Oral Intake Scale score, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form score, B-type natriuretic peptide, and creatinine were significantly associated with the RE. Conclusions: Both frailty and inadequate energy intake reduce the rate of improvement in activities of daily living in patients with musculoskeletal diseases.

Keywords: activities of daily living; clinical frailty scale; convalescent rehabilitation wards; energy intake; musculoskeletal disorders; rehabilitation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of this study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of rehabilitation effectiveness among groups classified based on the Clinical Frailty Scale and energy intake.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Rehabilitation effectiveness of the energy-sufficient and energy-deficient groups according to the CFS score.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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