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. 2025 Apr 11;25(8):2423.
doi: 10.3390/s25082423.

Design and Performance Assessment of Biocompatible Capacitive Pressure Sensors with Circular and Square Geometries Using ANSYS Workbench

Md Shams Tabraiz Alam  1 , Shabana Urooj  2 , Abdul Quaiyum Ansari  1 , Areiba Arif  3
Affiliations

Design and Performance Assessment of Biocompatible Capacitive Pressure Sensors with Circular and Square Geometries Using ANSYS Workbench

Md Shams Tabraiz Alam et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

This research outlines the design of capacitive pressure sensors fabricated from three biocompatible materials, featuring both circular and square geometries. The sensors were structured with a dielectric layer positioned between gold-plated electrodes at the top and bottom. Their performance was assessed through simulations conducted with ANSYS Workbench. Of the various sensor configurations tested, the circular design that included two crescent-shaped slots and a 20 µm thick PDMS dielectric material demonstrated the highest sensitivity of 10.68 fF/mmHg. This study further investigated the relationship between resonant frequency shifts and arterial blood pressure, revealing an exceptionally linear response, as evidenced by a Pearson's correlation coefficient of -0.99986 and an R-squared value of 0.99972. This confirmed the sensor's applicability for obtaining precise blood pressure measurements. Additionally, a 3 × 30 mm cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) stent was obtained, and its inductance was measured using an impedance analyzer.

Keywords: biocompatible materials; capacitive pressure sensor; in-stent restenosis; polydimethylsiloxane-PDMS; sensor design.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
In-stent pressure capacitive sensors: (a) a circular-plate capacitive sensor; (b) a square-plate capacitive sensor. Central part golden/yellow color represent gold electrodes, and the grey color is representing sensing layer of polymer.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic diagram of sensors: (a) a square parallel plate; (b) a circular parallel plate.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Electric field intensity for a solid electrode with four cuts: (a) a circular plate capacitive sensor; (b) a square plate capacitive sensor.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Electrical characterization of stent using impedance analyzer.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) A circular plate capacitive sensor; (b) total deflection in the circular plate sensor for the pressure range of 60 mmHg to 200 mmHg with PDMS as the dielectric material.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Deflection versus pressure for solid circular-shaped structure.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Response of circular capacitive sensor.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) Circular electrode with two crescents; (b) total deflection in the circular plate sensor with two crescents for a pressure range of 60 mmHg to 200 mmHg, with PDMS as the dielectric material.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Deflection versus pressure for solid circular-shaped structure with two crescents.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Response of circular capacitive pressure sensor (with two crescents).
Figure 11
Figure 11
(a) Circular electrode with four crescents; (b) total deflection in circular plate sensor with four crescents for a pressure range of 60 mmHg to 200 mmHg, with PDMS as the dielectric material.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Deflection versus pressure for solid circular-shaped structure with four crescents.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Response of circular capacitive pressure sensor (with four crescents).
Figure 14
Figure 14
(a) Square electrode sensor; (b) total deflection in square plate sensor for a pressure range of 60 mmHg to 200 mmHg, with PDMS as the dielectric material.
Figure 15
Figure 15
(a) Square dielectric material with four I-slots; (b) total deflection in the square plate sensor with four I-slots for a pressure range of 60 mmHg to 200 mmHg, with PDMS as the dielectric material; (c) square dielectric material with four L-slots; (d) total deflection in the square plate sensor with four L-slots for a pressure range of 60 mmHg to 200 mmHg, with PDMS as the dielectric material.
Figure 16
Figure 16
(a) Deflection versus pressure for the solid square-shaped structure; (b) deflection versus pressure for the solid square-shaped structure with four I-shaped slots; (c) deflection versus pressure for the solid square-shaped structure with four L-shaped slots.
Figure 17
Figure 17
(a) Capacitance versus pressure for the solid square-shaped structure; (b) capacitance versus pressure for the solid square-shaped structure with four I-shaped slots; (c) capacitance versus pressure for the solid square-shaped structure with four L-shaped slots.
Figure 18
Figure 18
(a) Resonant frequency vs. pressure for designed sensors; (b) tabular representation of linear fit parameters for the circular electrode with two crescents (PDMS).
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