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Review
. 2025 Jun;30(5-6):1253-1271.
doi: 10.1007/s10495-025-02089-x. Epub 2025 Apr 26.

PANoptosis: a potential target of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Xiao Jin  1 , Yanan Zhu  1 , Lina Xing  1 , Xinyue Ding  1 , Zongjun Liu  2   3
Affiliations
Review

PANoptosis: a potential target of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Xiao Jin et al. Apoptosis. 2025 Jun.

Abstract

PANoptosis is a newly discovered cell death pathway triggered by the innate immunizer, which in turn promotes the assembly of the PANoptosome and activates downstream effectors. As a special cell death mode, it is characterized by apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis at the same time; therefore, it is not feasible to inhibit PANoptosis by suppressing a single cell death pathway. However, active ingredients targeting the PANoptosome can effectively inhibit PANoptosis.Given the importance of cell death in disease, targeting PANoptosis would be an important therapeutic tool. Previous studies have focused more on infectious diseases and cancer, and the role of PANoptosis in the cardiovascular field has not been comprehensively addressed. While ASCVD is the number one killer of cardiovascular diseases, it is important to explore new targets to determine future research directions. Therefore, this review focuses on the assembly of PANoptosome, the molecular mechanism of PANoptosis, and the related mechanisms of PANoptosis leading to ASCVD such as myocardial infarction, ischemic cardiomyopathy and ischemic stroke, in order to provide a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of ASCVD.

Keywords: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; Inflammation; PANoptosis; PANoptosome; PCD.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Classical PCD pathway
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
PANoptosis pathway
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Mechanism of PANoptosis induced AS
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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