We declare no competing interests. MAR and KS jointly conceptualised the manuscript. KS drafted the initial version. All the authors critically reviewed, revised, commented on, and approved the final version. We thank Lyala Hamd Al-Nil and Hafsa Abuelgasim from the Federal Ministry of Health, Sudan; Mudathir Adam and Khalid Gaydoom from Central Darfur, Sudan; Mowada Mchammed Ahmed from East Darfur, Sudan; and Rizwan Ayub, Marcel Woung, Egmond Evers, Sara Ahmed, Sherein Elnossery, Douaa Fouad Osman Ibragem, Siddeg Khalafalla Ahmed Mustafa, Hani Haidar, Muhammad Fawad Khan, Elrasheed Idris, Mohammed Yusuf Ahmed Musa, Simon Kaddu Ssentamu, Hala Khudari, Liesbeth Aelbrecht, Altaf Musani, Abdi Rahman Mahamud, Peter Jan Graaff, Ahmed Zouiten, and Shible Sahbani from WHO. We also thank all partners in the Darfur subnational health cluster for their continued support and participation in the project.