The Future of Personalized Cancer Vaccines

Abstract

In early clinical studies, genomics-guided personalized cancer vaccines (PCV) have demonstrated the capabilities of inducing long-term, tumor-specific immune responses across various malignancies, clinical settings, and treatment regimens. Now that PCVs have advanced to large-scale, randomized clinical trials, we are at a pivotal time. The future success of PCVs will likely be dictated by our collective ability to apply and iterate upon the foundational lessons from early and ongoing in-depth studies so that we can rationally exploit the cytolytic capabilities of PCVs to eradicate advanced cancer, cure patients in the adjuvant setting, and prevent the development of malignancy in high-risk patients.

Significance: The advent of modern next-generation sequencing and innovative clinical bioinformatics platforms have fueled the development of genomics-guided PCVs targeting neoantigens. As we anticipate the results of several pivotal randomized clinical trials investigating PCVs across solid tumors, collaborative efforts are warranted to apply insights from first-generation trials to leverage the capabilities of PCVs to reduce cancer-associated morbidity and mortality across the spectrum of oncological care.