Impact of Apolipoprotein A-I Infusions on Cardiovascular Events Post-MI by Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and LDL-Cholesterol Levels

Sem A O F Rikken¹, C Michael Gibson², M Cecilia Bahit³, Danielle Duffy⁴, Gerald Chi⁵, Serge Korjian⁶, Niekbachsh Mohammadnia⁷, Harvey White⁸, Gaya Anschuetz⁴, Bronwyn A Kingwell⁹, Ton Oude Ophuis¹⁰, Jose C Nicolau¹¹, Renato D Lopes¹², Basil S Lewis¹³, Saloua El Messaoudi⁷, Dragos Vinereanu¹⁴, Jurriën M Ten Berg¹⁵, Shaun G Goodman¹⁶, Christoph Bode¹⁷, P Gabriel Steg¹⁸, Peter Libby¹⁹, Kevin R Bainey²⁰, Arnoud W J van 't Hof²¹, Paul M Ridker²², Kenneth W Mahaffey²³, Stephen J Nicholls²⁴, Roxana Mehran²⁵, Robert A Harrington²⁶, Jan H Cornel²⁷; AEGIS-II Committees and Investigators

Affiliations

¹ Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
² Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Electronic address: charlesmichaelgibson@gmail.com.
³ Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; INECO Neurociencias Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.
⁴ CSL Behring, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA.
⁵ Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁶ Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁷ Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
⁸ Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Health New Zealand Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁹ CSL Limited, Melbourne, Australia.
¹⁰ Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
¹¹ Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
¹² Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Brazilian Clinical Research Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
¹³ Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
¹⁴ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
¹⁵ Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
¹⁶ Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
¹⁷ Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
¹⁸ Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM U_1148, FACT and AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.
¹⁹ Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²⁰ Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
²¹ Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
²² Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²³ Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
²⁴ Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
²⁵ Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, New York, New York, USA.
²⁶ Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
²⁷ Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands.

PMID: 40288083
PMCID: PMC12059331
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101727

Impact of Apolipoprotein A-I Infusions on Cardiovascular Events Post-MI by Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and LDL-Cholesterol Levels

Sem A O F Rikken et al. JACC Adv. 2025 May.

. 2025 May;4(5):101727.

doi: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101727. Epub 2025 Mar 29.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
² Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Electronic address: charlesmichaelgibson@gmail.com.
³ Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; INECO Neurociencias Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.
⁴ CSL Behring, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA.
⁵ Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁶ Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁷ Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
⁸ Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Health New Zealand Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁹ CSL Limited, Melbourne, Australia.
¹⁰ Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
¹¹ Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
¹² Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Brazilian Clinical Research Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
¹³ Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
¹⁴ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
¹⁵ Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
¹⁶ Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
¹⁷ Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
¹⁸ Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM U_1148, FACT and AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.
¹⁹ Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²⁰ Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
²¹ Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
²² Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²³ Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
²⁴ Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
²⁵ Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, New York, New York, USA.
²⁶ Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
²⁷ Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands.

PMID: 40288083
PMCID: PMC12059331
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101727

Abstract

Background: The AEGIS-II (ApoA-I Event Reducing in Ischemic Syndromes-II; NCT03473223) trial evaluated CSL112, a human plasma-derived apolipoprotein A-I therapy, for reducing cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Given CSL112's potential anti-inflammatory properties, we conducted an exploratory post hoc analysis to determine if its efficacy is influenced by baseline neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a marker of systemic inflammation, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of baseline NLR and cardiovascular events and explore whether NLR and LDL-C modify CSL112's efficacy in post-AMI patients.

Methods: A total of 18,219 participants with AMI, multivessel coronary artery disease, and additional cardiovascular risk factors were randomized to 4 weekly infusions of 6 g CSL112 or placebo. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (major adverse cardiovascular events [MACE]). Cox proportional hazards models evaluated risk by dichotomized baseline NLR (>median vs ≤median). Treatment interactions with NLR and LDL-C (≥100 vs <100 mg/dL) were assessed.

Results: Among 15,966 participants, those with baseline NLR >median (>3.3) had a significantly greater risk of MACE at 90 days (HR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.21-1.63), persisting at 180 and 365 days. CSL112 reduced MACE at 90 days among participants with elevated NLR and LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL (HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.42-0.93), with sustained benefits at 180 and 365 days. Significant interactions were observed between treatment and NLR (P_interaction = 0.010) and among treatment, NLR, and LDL-C at 180 days (P_interaction = 0.029).

Conclusions: Baseline elevated NLR predicts MACE in post-AMI patients, and CSL112 showed an associated reduction in MACE in patients with elevated NLR and LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL.

Keywords: CSL112; MACE; apolipoprotein A-I; inflammation; neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Funding support and author disclosures This study was funded by CSL Behring. Dr Rikken has received speaking honoraria from Daiichi Sankyo. Dr Gibson has received research funding from CSL Behring, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson Corporation, and SCAD Alliance; has provided consulting services for Angel/Avertix Medical Corporation, AstraZeneca, Bayer Corporation, Beren Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Clinical Research Institute, Boston Scientific, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, CeleCor Therapeutics, CSL Behring, DCRI, Esperion, EXCITE International (for which no compensation was received), Fortress Biotech, Gilead Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, MashUp MD, MD Magazine, Microport, MJHealth, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, PHRI, PLxPharma, SCAI, Solstice Health/New Amsterdam Pharma, Somahlution/Marizyme, Vectura, WebMD, and Women as One; holds equity in nference, Dyad Medical, Absolutys, and Fortress Biotech; and has received royalties as a contributor to UpToDate. Dr Bahit has received modest honorarium from MSD, Pfizer, Bristol Myers Squibb, CSL Behring, Janssen, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Anthos Therapeutics. Dr Duffy is an employee of CSL Behring. Dr Chi has received research grant support paid to the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School from Bayer, Janssen Scientific Affairs, and CSL Behring. Dr Korjian has received research grant support paid to the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School from CSL Behring. Dr White has received grant support to institution from Sanofi, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, Omthera Pharmaceuticals, American Regent, Eisai Inc, DalCor Pharma UK Inc, CSL Behring, NHI, Sanofi-Aventis Australia Pty Ltd, Esperion Therapeutics Inc, and National Institutes of Health; has received fees for serving on Steering Committees of the ODYSSEY trial from Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, the ISCHEMIA and the MINT studies from the National Institutes of Health, the STRENGTH trial from Omthera Pharmaceuticals, the HEART-FID study from American Regent, the DAL-GENE study from DalCor Pharma UK Inc, the AEGIS-II study from CSL Behring, the SCORED trial and the SOLOIST-WHF trial from Sanofi Australia Pty Ltd, and the CLEAR OUTCOMES study from Esperion Therapeutics. Dr Anschuetz has received a salary as an employee of CSL Behring. Dr Kingwell is an employee and shareholder of CSL Ltd. Dr Nicolau has received a scholarship from the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) #303448/2021-0; has received research grants from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, CSL Behring, Daiichi Sankyo, Dalcor, Esperion, Ionis, Janssen, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, and Vifor; and has received consulting fees from Libbs. Dr Lopes has received grant support from Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Medtronic, Pfizer, and Sanofi; has been a consultant for AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Novo Nordisk; and has participated in educational activities for Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, and Pfizer. Dr Lewis has received consulting fees from Janssen R&D and Idorsia. Dr Vinereanu has received research grants from CSL Behring, Bayer, Novartis, Amgen, and Boehringer Ingelheim; and has received consultancy fees from Bayer, Novartis, Amgen, and Boehringer Ingelheim. Dr ten Berg has received institutional research grants from AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, and ZonMw and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, CeleCor Therapeutics, and Daiichi Sankyo. Dr Goodman has received research grant support (eg, steering committee or data and safety monitoring committee) and/or speaker/consulting honoraria (eg, advisory boards) from Alnylam, Amgen, Anthos Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, CSL Behring, CYTE Ltd, Daiichi Sankyo/American Regent, Eli Lilly, Esperion, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, HLS Therapeutics, Idorsia, JAMP Pharma, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk A/C, Pendopharm/Pharmascience, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, Servier, Tolmar Pharmaceuticals, Valeo Pharma; has received salary support/honoraria from the Canadian Heart Failure Society, Canadian Heart Research Centre and MD Primer, Canadian VIGOUR Centre, Cleveland Clinic Coordinating Centre for Clinical Research, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital\CIUSSS Centre-Ouest-de-l'Ile-de-Montreal, New York University Clinical Coordinating Centre, PERFUSE Research Institute, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre Clinical Trials and Translation Unit, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, and TIMI Study Group (Brigham Health). Dr Bode has received research support from CSL Behring. Dr Steg has received research grants from Amarin and Sano; has served on clinical trials (steering committee, clinical events committee, data and safety monitoring board [DSMB]) for Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, CSL Behring, Idorsia, Janssen, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and Sano; has served as a consultant or speaker for Amarin, Amgen, BMS, and Novo Nordisk; and is Senior Associate Editor at Circulation. Dr Libby has served on a scientific advisory board for Amgen, Kowa Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk, Caristo, CSL Behring, DalCor, Dewpoint, Euclid Bioimaging, Xbiotech, Olatec, Medimmune, PlaqueTec, Polygon Therapeutics, TenSixteen Bio, and Soley Therapeutics; and has been a consultant for Amgen, Baim Institute Beren, Esperion, Genentech, Kancera, Kowa Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, and Sanofi-Regeneron. Dr Bainey has received research support from CSL Behring. Dr van ‘t Hof received a consultancy fee from CeleCor as well as unrestricted grants from Boehringer and Abbott Vascular. Dr Ridker has received institutional research grant support from Kowa, Novartis, Amarin, Pfizer, Esperion, Novo Nordisk, and the NHLBI; has served as a consultant to numerous companies including Novartis, Flame, Agepha, Ardelyx, Arrowhead, AstraZeneca, CSL Behring, Janssen, Civi Biopharm, GlaxoSmithKline, SOCAR, Novo Nordisk, Health Outlook, Montai Health, Eli Lilly, New Amsterdam, Boehringer Ingelheim, RTI, Zomagen, Cytokinetics, Horizon Therapeutics, and Cardio Therapeutics; holds minority shareholder equity positions in Uppton, Bitteroot Bio, and Angiowave; and has received compensation for service on the Peter Munk Advisory Board (University of Toronto), the Leducq Foundation (Paris, FR), and the Baim Institute (Boston, Massachusetts). Dr Mahaffey has received grants from AHA, Apple Inc, Bayer, California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, CSL Behring, Eidos, Ferring, Gilead, Google (Verily), Idorsia, Johnson & Johnson, Luitpold, Novartis, PAC-12, Precordior, Sanifit; has received consulting fees from applied Therapeutics, Bayer, BMS, BridgeBio, CSL Behring, Elsevier, Fosun Pharma, Human, Johnson & Johnson, Moderna, Myokardia, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, Phasebio, Portola, Quidel, and Theravance; has received payment or honoraria from CSL Behring; and has stock or stock options in Human, Medeloop, Precordior, and Regencor. Dr Nicholls has received research support from AstraZeneca, Amgen, Anthera, CSL Behring, Cerenis, Eli Lilly, Esperion, Resverlogix, Novartis, InfraReDx, and Sanofi-Regeneron; and has been a consultant for Amgen, Akcea, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, CSL Behring, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Esperion, Kowa, Merck, Takeda, Pfizer, Sanofi-Regeneron, Novo Nordisk, CSL Sequiris, and Vaxxinity. Dr Mehran has received institutional research payments from Abbott, Affluent Medical, Alleviant Medical, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BAIM, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston Scientific, Bristol Myers Squibb, CardiaWave, CERC, Chiesi, Concept Medical, Daiichi Sankyo, Duke, Faraday, Idorsia, Janssen, MedAlliance, Medscape, Mediasphere, Medtelligence, Medtronic, Novartis, OrbusNeich, Pi-Cardia, Protembis, RM Global Bioaccess Fund Management, and Sanofi; has received personal fees from Affluent Medical, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi USA, Cordis, Daiichi Sankyo, Esperion Science/Innovative Biopharma, Gaffney Events, Educational Trust, Global Clinical Trial Partners, Ltd, IQVIA, Medscape/WebMD Global, Novo Nordisk, PeerView Institute for Medical Education, TERUMO Europe N.V., and Radcliffe; has held equity <1% in Elixir Medical, Stel, ControlRad (spouse); has received an honorarium from AMA; is associate editor of JAMA Cardiology; and is a BOT Member, SC Member CTR Program of ACC. Dr Harrington has research relationships with Baim Institute, CSL, Janssen, NHLBI, PCORI, and DCRI; has consulting relationships with Atropos Health, Bitterroot Bio, BMS, BridgeBio, Element Science, Edwards Lifesciences, Foresite Labs, and Medscape/WebMD; and serves on boards of directors for the American Heart Association, College of the Holy Cross, and Cytokinetics. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Flowchart of Study Populations This flowchart depicts the selection process of the study population. LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein; NLR = neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio.

**Figure 2**
Cumulative Incidence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events by Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio Cumulative incidence of the time to first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (MACE) through 90, 180, and 365 days among patients with a higher NLR (>median) vs lower (≤median) at baseline. MACE = major adverse cardiovascular events; other abbreviation as in Figure 1.

**Figure 3**
Cumulative Incidence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events by Treatment and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio Cumulative incidence of the time to first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (MACE) through 90, 180, and 365 days among patients with (A) (>median NLR) for CSL112 vs placebo and (B) (≤median NLR) treated for CSL112 vs placebo. Abbreviations as in Figures 1 and 2.

**Figure 4**
Cumulative Incidence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events by Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Cumulative incidence of the time to first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (MACE) through 90, 180, and 365 days among patients with (A) a higher NLR (>median) and LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL at baseline and (B) higher NLR (>median) and LDL-C <100 mg/dL and (C) a lower NLR (≤median) and LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL at baseline and (D) lower NLR (≤median) and LDL-C <100 mg/dL. Abbreviations as in Figures 1 and 2.

**Central Illustration**
Impact of Baseline Inflammation and Lipid Levels on CSL112 Efficacy MACE incidence by baseline NLR (>median vs ≤median) in AEGIS-II trial. The figure shows that increased baseline NLR predicts MACE in post-AMI patients and that CSL112 may reduce MACE in patients with high NLR and LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL, but not other subgroups. Abbreviations as in Figures 1 and 2.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Steen D.L., Khan I., Andrade K., Koumas A., Giugliano R.P. Event rates and risk factors for recurrent cardiovascular events and mortality in a contemporary post acute coronary syndrome population representing 239 234 patients during 2005 to 2018 in the United States. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(9) - PMC - PubMed
1. Lawton J.S., Tamis-Holland J.E., Bangalore S., et al. 2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI guideline for coronary artery revascularization: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(2):e21–e129. - PubMed
1. Byrne R.A., Rossello X., Coughlan J.J., et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(38):3720–3826. - PubMed
1. Libby P., Ridker P.M., Maseri A. Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2002;105(9):1135–1143. - PubMed
1. Bahit M.C., Gibson C.M. Thrombin as target for prevention of recurrent events after acute coronary syndromes. Thromb Res. 2024;235:116–121. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Impact of Apolipoprotein A-I Infusions on Cardiovascular Events Post-MI by Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and LDL-Cholesterol Levels

Affiliations

Impact of Apolipoprotein A-I Infusions on Cardiovascular Events Post-MI by Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and LDL-Cholesterol Levels

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources