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. 2025 Jun;21(13):1647-1653.
doi: 10.1080/14796694.2025.2497749. Epub 2025 Apr 28.

Prognostic factors of long-term response to androgen receptor signaling inhibitors used as first-line treatment for mCRPC

Antonello Veccia  1 , Umberto Basso  2 , Carlo Cattrini  3 , Paola Ermacora  4 , Marco Maruzzo  2 , Martina Alberti  4 , Cecilia Anesi  1 , Davide Bimbatti  2 , Massimiliano Cani  5 , Veronica Crespi  5 , Giovanni Farinea  5 , Dzenete Kadrija  1 , Stefania Kinspergher  1 , Eleonora Lai  6 , Ludovica Lay  4 , Francesca Maines  1 , Alessia Mennitto  3 , Francesco Pierantoni  6 , Alessandro Samuelly  5 , Susanna Urban  4 , Orazio Caffo  1 , Consuelo Buttigliero  5
Affiliations

Prognostic factors of long-term response to androgen receptor signaling inhibitors used as first-line treatment for mCRPC

Antonello Veccia et al. Future Oncol. 2025 Jun.

Abstract

Aim: Androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) demonstrated to be efficacious as first-line therapy for mCRPC. The present real-world study aimed to identify the characteristics of the long-term responders (LTR) patients to first-line ARSI.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 622 mCRPC patients treated with one ARSI as first line. Patients received standard doses of abiraterone (1000 mg daily plus prednisone 10 mg daily) or enzalutamide (160 mg daily) until progression. Patients with an ARSI exposure ≥ 36 months were considered as LTR.

Results: We identified 99 LTR patients who were compared to 523 no-LTR patients. At the multivariable analysis, LTR patients showed younger age (p < 0.0001), longer time to mCRPC (p < 0.0001), higher baseline levels of hemoglobin (p = 0.007), lower baseline PSA levels (p = 0.03), longer PSA doubling time (p = 0.03), low number of bone metastases (p = 0.01), and receivedenzalutamide (p = 0.01). The median overall survival (OS) of LTR was 78.2 months (95% CI 72.3-84.1 months) vs 27.7 months of no-LTR (95% CI 25.9-29.6 months).

Conclusions: Several clinical and biological factors allow to identify those patients with higher probability of becoming LTR to ARSI in first-line mCRPC setting.

Keywords: Long-term responder; abiraterone; castration-resistant prostate cancer; enzalutamide; prognostic factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

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