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. 2025 Mar 19;25(6):1908.
doi: 10.3390/s25061908.

A Hybrid P&O and PV Characteristics Simulation Method for GMPPT in PV Systems Under Partial Shading Conditions

Van Hien Bui  1 , Van Du Ha  2   3 , Viet Anh Truong  4 , Thanh Long Duong  2
Affiliations

A Hybrid P&O and PV Characteristics Simulation Method for GMPPT in PV Systems Under Partial Shading Conditions

Van Hien Bui et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Under uniform operating conditions, the power-voltage (P-V) and current-voltage (I-V) curves of a photovoltaic (PV) system have only one maximum point, which facilitates the operation of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms. In practice, the PV systems often operate under heterogeneous environments due to partial shading conditions (PSCs). The P-V and I-V curves exhibit multiple extremes, and distinguishing between the global maximum power point (GMPP) and local maximum power point (LMPP) is a major challenge for algorithms aiming to improve performance and convergence speed. This paper presents a global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT) method based on simulating the behavior of the I-V curve of a PV system under the influence of PSCs. With only one initial parameter selected, the proposed solution quickly determines the LMPPs based on the characteristics of the PV type and the shading condition during operation. This work helps to limit the potential GMPP region to reduce the search time and improve efficiency by using a simple algorithm and a small tuning step size. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method provides superior MPPT performance and significantly reduces search time due to improved GMPP detection accuracy combined with small step sizes.

Keywords: GMPPT; P&O algorithm; open circuit voltage; partial shading conditions.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Block diagram of the proposed solution.
Figure 2
Figure 2
I-V characteristics of a PV panel under different conditions.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The fill factor of the PV module.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Principle of checking shading condition on PV system; black line: I-V curve under uniform conditions; blue line: I-V curve under slightly reduced irradiance; red line: I-V curve under significantly reduced irradiance; green line: line representing Rmp[i]. dashed black line: current at MPPs; dashed yellow line: voltage at MPPs. dashed red line: curve passing through Voc[i]; dashed blue line: line representing the limit at 1.4Voc[1].
Figure 5
Figure 5
Flow chart of the proposed algorithm.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Positions of MPPs on characteristic curves (red dots) under PSC.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Location of MPPs (red dots) on the output waveform under uniform conditions.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Location of MPPs (red dots) on the output waveform under PSC.
Figure 9
Figure 9
MPPT under continuously changing operating conditions.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Experimental setup.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Experimental results with the proposed algorithm under uniform conditions. (a) MPP value, and (b) output waveforms.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Experimental results with the proposed algorithm under PSCs. (a) MPP value, and (b) output waveforms.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Experimental results with the P&O under PSCs. (a) MPP value, and (b) output waveforms.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Experimental results with the P&O uniform conditions. (a) MPP value, and (b) output waveforms.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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