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. 2025 Apr 18;14(2):22799036251334178.
doi: 10.1177/22799036251334178. eCollection 2025 Apr.

Short-term mortality prognosis in spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage: A retrospective study at 115 People's Hospital, HCMC, Vietnam

Tran Ba Lan  1 , Cao Hoai Tuan Anh  2 , Thi Lan Anh Nguyen  3 , Tran Diep Khoa  4 , Nguyen Hoang Thien Thu  5 , Nguyen Quynh Truc  6 , Minh Huu Le  7 , Quoc Si Huynh  8 , Tuyen Thi Hong Nguyen  9
Affiliations

Short-term mortality prognosis in spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage: A retrospective study at 115 People's Hospital, HCMC, Vietnam

Tran Ba Lan et al. J Public Health Res. .

Abstract

Background: Early prognosis of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can help create individualized and optimized treatment plans for the patients.

Aims: This study evaluates short-term mortality and identifies risk factors in ICH patients at 115 People's Hospital within 30 days.

Design and methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 598 patients diagnosed with ICH by neurologists from December 2022 to June 2023. Diagnosis was confirmed by imaging, with symptoms appearing within 24 h of admission. Short-term mortality was defined as death within 30 days of onset.

Results: Among the 598 patients (mean age 58.4; 40% female), 110 (18.4%) died, while 488 (81.6%) survived. The ICH score (AUC = 95.75%; p < 0.001; optimal cutoff = 1.5) was more prognostic for mortality than the NIHSS score (AUC = 94.61%; optimal cutoff = 17.5; p < 0.001). Identified risk factors included age ≥ 80 (RR = 2.2, p = 0.002), ICH score ≥ 2 (RR = 38.4, p < 0.001), NIHSS score ≥ 16 (RR = 15.1, p < 0.001), hematoma volume ≥ 30 cm3 (RR = 15.1, p < 0.001), and the presence of intraventricular (RR = 7.2, p < 0.001) or subtentorial hemorrhage (RR = 2.8, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: The mortality rate for ICH was significant. The ICH score, NIHSS, and hematoma volume are effective in predicting mortality in spontaneous ICH patients.

Keywords: ICH score; NIHSS score; Vietnam; intracranial hemorrhage; short-term mortality prognosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
ROC curve analysis of ICH score, NIHSS score, and hematoma volume in predicting 30-day mortality in patients. ICH: intracerebral hemorrhage; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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