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. 2025 Apr 29;95(3):153-159.
doi: 10.24875/ACM.24000137.

Sociodemographic factors associated with medication adherence among hypertensive patients in northern Peru: a cross-sectional study

Gianina L Cordova-Ruiz  1 , Lissett J Fernández-Rodríguez  1   2 , Victor H Bardales-Zuta  1   3
Affiliations

Sociodemographic factors associated with medication adherence among hypertensive patients in northern Peru: a cross-sectional study

Gianina L Cordova-Ruiz et al. Arch Cardiol Mex. .

Abstract
in English, Spanish

Objective: The objective of this research is to identify sociodemographic factors associated with adherence to antihypertensive medications among hypertensive patients in a public hospital in northern Peru. The factors studied are age, sex, level of education, family functioning, living arrangement, time of disease since diagnosis, stage of hypertension, number of prescribed medications, and comorbidities.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional convenience sample study of 180 patients. Blood pressure was measured to determine the hypertensive state. The degree of adherence to medications and sociodemographic factors were determined by survey.

Results: Independent Chi-square tests and multivariate analysis revealed that older age, longer disease duration, and good family functioning were associated with improved adherence, while the other factors did not reach statistical significance for being associated with adherence. The highest prevalence odds ratio (4.39) was associated with family functioning.

Conclusion: Factors associated with adherence to antihypertensive medications were age, time of disease since diagnosis, and family functioning in the population studied. These results suggest that an integral approach is required: one that includes psychological help for families and patients who struggle with adherence.

Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar los factores sociodemográficos asociados con la adherencia a la medicación antihipertensiva en pacientes atendidos en un hospital público del norte de Perú. Los factores estudiados son edad, sexo, nivel educativo, funcionamiento familiar, situación de convivencia, tiempo de enfermedad, estadio de la hipertensión, número de medicamentos prescritos y comorbilidades.

Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal de muestra por conveniencia de 180 pacientes. Se midió la presión arterial para determinar el estado de hipertensión. El grado de adherencia a la medicación y los factores sociodemográficos se determinaron mediante encuesta.

Resultados: Las pruebas de chi-cuadrado independientes y el análisis multivariado revelaron que la edad avanzada, un mayor tiempo de enfermedad y un buen funcionamiento familiar se asociaron con una mejor adherencia, mientras que los demás factores no alcanzaron significación estadística para asociarse con la adherencia. La mayor razón de probabilidades de prevalencia (4,39) se asoció con la presencia de disfunción familiar.

Conclusiones: Los factores asociados con la adherencia a la medicación antihipertensiva fueron la edad, el tiempo de enfermedad desde el diagnóstico y el funcionamiento familiar en la población estudiada. Estos resultados sugieren que se requiere un abordaje integral, que incluya ayuda psicológica para las familias y pacientes con dificultades en la adherencia.

Keywords: Family. Medication adherence. Hypertension. Social support. Peru..

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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