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Observational Study
. 2025 Aug 1;68(8):984-991.
doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000003788. Epub 2025 Apr 29.

Natural History of Anal Strictures in Pediatric-Onset Crohn's Disease: Long-term Follow-up of a Population-Based Study

Collaborators, Affiliations
Observational Study

Natural History of Anal Strictures in Pediatric-Onset Crohn's Disease: Long-term Follow-up of a Population-Based Study

Perrine Mortreux et al. Dis Colon Rectum. .

Abstract

Background: The risk and clinical course of anal stricture observed in Crohn's disease remains poorly known, particularly in pediatric-onset Crohn's disease.

Objective: To investigate the long-term clinical course of anal stricture in pediatric-onset Crohn's disease using data from a population-based cohort.

Design: A retrospective observational study from a prospective population-based registry.

Settings: Population-based study in Northern France.

Patients: All patients with a diagnosis of Crohn's disease before the age of 17 years between 1988 and 2011 within the population-based registry EPIMAD were included.

Main outcome measures: Primary outcome was the cumulative risk of anal stricture. Secondary outcomes included include risk of anal cancer, surgery, stoma, and risk factors associated with anal stricture.

Results: A total of 1007 patients were included (median age at diagnosis 14.5 years [interquartile range, 12.0-16.1]; median duration of follow-up 8.8 years [interquartile range, 4.6-14.2]). Among them, 1 patient (0.1%) had an anal stricture at diagnosis and 26 (2.6%) had an anal stricture during follow-up. From diagnosis, the 5- and 10-year cumulative incidence of anal stricture at was 0.6% (95% CI, 0.1-1.1) and 1.4% (95% CI, 0.5-2.3), respectively. Twenty-five patients (n = 25/27; 93%) had at least 1 episode of anal ulceration or fistulizing perineal Crohn's disease. In multivariable analysis, extraintestinal manifestations (HR 2.2; 95% CI, 1.0-4.8; p = 0.0270), colonic location (colonic vs ileocolonic HR 1.2; 95% CI, 0.6-2.7; p = 0.0064) and a history of fistulizing perineal Crohn's disease (HR 9.9; 95% CI, 4.3-22.8; p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with anal stricture. After a median follow-up of 6.2 years (2.4-10.6), 11 patients (41%) required at least 1 anal dilation, and healing was observed in 1 patient. One patient (3.7%) had an anal cancer 7 years after stricture diagnosis and 9 patients (33%) needed a stoma. Anal stricture was significantly associated with the need for stoma (HR 5.8; 95% CI, 2.3-14.3; p = 0.0002).

Limitations: The retrospective design makes the study prone to selection bias and residual confounding.

Conclusions: Within a population-based cohort of pediatric-onset Crohn's diease, the 10-year cumulative incidence of anal stricture was 1.4%, with associations identified with colonic disease location and fistulizing perianal involvement. The presence of an anal stricture was linked to a 5-fold increase in the likelihood of stoma formation. See Video Abstract .

Historia natural de las estenosis anales en la enfermedad de crohn de inicio peditrico seguimiento a largo plazo de un estudio poblacional: ANTECEDENTES:El riesgo y la evolución clínica de la estenosis anal observada en la enfermedad de Crohn siguen siendo poco conocidos, especialmente en la enfermedad de Crohn de inicio pediátrico.OBJETIVO:Investigar la evolución clínica a largo plazo de la estenosis anal en la EC de inicio pediátrico utilizando datos de una cohorte poblacional.DISEÑO:Estudio observacional retrospectivo a partir de un estudio poblacional prospectivo.ENTORNO CLINICO:Estudio poblacional en el norte de Francia.PACIENTES:Todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad de Crohn antes de los 17 años, entre 1988 y 2011, incluidos en el registro poblacional EPIMAD.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADOS:La variable principal fue el riesgo acumulado de estenosis anal. Las variables secundarias incluyeron el riesgo de cáncer anal, cirugía, estoma y factores de riesgo asociados con la estenosis anal.RESULTADOS:Se incluyeron 1007 pacientes (mediana de edad al diagnóstico: 14,5 años; RIQ: 12,0-16,1), con una mediana de seguimiento de 8,8 años (RIQ: 4,6-14,2). Un paciente (0,1%) presentó estenosis anal al diagnóstico y 26 (2,6%) durante el seguimiento. Desde el diagnóstico, la incidencia acumulada de estenosis anal a los 5 y 10 años fue del 0,6% (IC del 95%: 0,1-1,1) y del 1,4% (IC del 95%: 0,5-2,3), respectivamente. Veinticinco pacientes (n = 25/27, 93%) presentaron al menos un episodio de ulceración anal o enfermedad de Crohn perineal fistulizante. En el análisis multivariable, las manifestaciones extraintestinales (HR 2,2, IC del 95 %, 1,0-4,8, p = 0,0270), la localización colónica (L2 vs. L3 HR 1,2, IC del 95 %, 0,6-2,7, p = 0,0064) y el antecedente de enfermedad de Crohn perineal fistulizante (HR 9,9, IC del 95 %, 4,3-22,8, p < 0,0001) se asociaron significativamente con la estenosis anal. Tras una mediana de seguimiento de 6,2 años (2,4-10,6), 11 (41 %) pacientes requirieron al menos una dilatación anal, y se observó curación en un paciente. Un paciente (3,7 %) presentó cáncer anal 7 años después del diagnóstico de la estenosis, y 9 (33 %) pacientes necesitaron un estoma. La estenosis anal se asoció significativamente con la necesidad de estoma (HR 5,8; IC del 95 %: 2,3-14,3; p = 0,0002).LIMITACIONES:El diseño retrospectivo del estudio lo hace propenso a sesgos de selección y factores de confusión residuales.CONCLUSIÓN:En una cohorte poblacional de pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn de inicio pediátrico, la incidencia acumulada de estenosis anal a 10 años fue del 1,4 %, con asociaciones identificadas con la localización de la enfermedad colónica y la afectación perianal fistulizante. La presencia de estenosis anal está ligada a quintuplicar la probabilidad de formación de estoma. (Traducción- Dr. Francisco M. Abarca-Rendon).

Keywords: Anal stricture; Crohn’s disease; Epidemiology; Perianal Crohn’s disease; Population-based; Stoma.

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References

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