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Review
. 2025 Apr 29.
doi: 10.1007/s11030-025-11195-6. Online ahead of print.

GLP-1R agonists: recent advances, current gaps, and future challenges

Anukriti Saran #  1 , Riya Raisinghani  2 , Sarvesh Paliwal #  3 , Swapnil Sharma  3
Affiliations
Review

GLP-1R agonists: recent advances, current gaps, and future challenges

Anukriti Saran et al. Mol Divers. .

Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) emerged as a promising class of drugs and have been shown to be effective as a key regulator in managing glucose metabolism-associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular effects, nephrological complications, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), as well as to control obesity. A few drugs included in GLP-1RA class are liraglutide, exenatide, and semaglutide. Most recent drug that is available in both oral and subcutaneous forms is semaglutide. Available, withdrawn, and investigational GLP-RAs are listed in this paper. This review article will also explore common side effects and safety profiles of both long-acting and short-acting GLP-1 RAs. Additionally, it will highlight the recent advances and ongoing challenges in the field of drug discovery related to GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Keywords: Glucagon-like peptide-1; Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor; Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; Semaglutide.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declared that they have no conflict of interest. Ethical approval: As this submission is a review article ,it does not involve humans and animals, and no ethical approval was required for this publication.

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