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. 2025 Apr 29;10(1):32.
doi: 10.1186/s40834-024-00331-6.

Prevalence and factors associated with the use of long-acting reversible and permanent contraceptive methods among women who desire no more children in Bangladesh

Swapna Akter  1 , Md Mehedi Hasan Khan  1 , Abu Hasanat Mohammad Kishowar Hossain  1 , M Sheikh Giash Uddin  2 , Md Aminul Haque  3
Affiliations

Prevalence and factors associated with the use of long-acting reversible and permanent contraceptive methods among women who desire no more children in Bangladesh

Swapna Akter et al. Contracept Reprod Med. .

Abstract

Background: Long-acting reversible and permanent contraceptive methods (LARC/PM) with high efficacy and continuity of use are highly effective pregnancy prevention methods. However, most sexually active women do not use it and end up with unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions in Bangladesh. This study aims to assess the prevalence of LARC/PM use and its determinants among sexually active women who desire no more children in Bangladesh.

Methods: The study used Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-18 data, which employed a two-stage cluster sampling design. This study extracted 6422 married women of reproductive age who desired no more children. Descriptive statistics were used to present the characteristics of the women. Chi-square and binary logistic regression were also used to identify the factors associated with LARC/PM use.

Results: A total of 20.2% of women use LARC/PM who desire no more children. Women aged 25-34 (aOR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.10-2.09) and 35 years and above (aOR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.41-2.81), women from Rangpur (aOR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.57-3.28), Rajshahi (aOR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.49-3.11), Khulna (aOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.48-3.17), Sylhet (aOR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.07-2.58) and Dhaka (aOR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.37-2.83) divisions, who were non-Muslims (aOR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.40-2.11), having a desired number of children (2+) (aOR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.08-1.49), whose contraceptive decision solely made by husband (aOR = 3.61, 95% CI = 2.73-1.77) or jointly (aOR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.32-1.92) were more likely to use LARC/PM. On the other hand, women with primary education (aOR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.65-0.92), secondary education (aOR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.47-0.72) and higher education (aOR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.43-0.95) belonging to richest wealth index (aOR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.55-0.97), having at least two living children (aOR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.44-0.85), partner with secondary education (aOR = 0.79 95% CI = 0.65-0.97) and women who were visited by family planning (FP) visitors (aOR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.29-0.40) were less likely to use LARC/PM.

Conclusion: The LARC/PM use rate among women in Bangladesh is low. It must be increased to meet the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To increase LARC/PM use in Bangladesh, attention should be given to factors like women's age, education, partner's education, religion, wealth index, division, number of living children, and desired number of children.

Keywords: Bangladesh; Contraceptive methods; Desire for no more children; Determinants; Use of LARC/PM.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethical approval and consent to participate: The study used BDHS- 2017–2018 open data only. BDHS received ethical approval from the Ethical Review Committee (ERC) and Bangladesh Medical Research Council (BMRC), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Consent for publication: We have taken consent for publication from all authors. Ethical guidelines: We complied with all the ethical guidelines. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Could you please clarify whether the dataset used in the study is a public database?: The dataset is public and available online.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The flow-chart illustrating the final sample selection for the current study
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Prevalence of LARC/PM use among sexually active women who want no more children **Only modern method of contraception was included in the analysis
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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