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. 2025 Oct 1;110(10):2513-2517.
doi: 10.3324/haematol.2025.287521. Epub 2025 Apr 30.

Clonality analysis of HTLV-1-infected cells enhances prognostic precision in smoldering adult T-cell leukemia/ lymphoma

Masumichi Saito  1 , Tomoo Sato  2 , Hiroo Hasegawa  3 , Kenichiro Tanabe  4 , Hazuka Yoshida-Furihata  5 , Erika Horibe  6 , Ariella Coler-Reilly  7 , Naomi Nojiri  5 , Shunsuke Yamauchi  3 , Makoto Nakashima  6 , Natsumi Araya  6 , Naoko Yagishita  6 , Kenichiro Takahashi  5 , Daisuke Sasaki  3 , Yasuko Sagara  8 , Kaoru Uchimaru  9 , Atae Utsunomiya  10 , Koh Ki-Ryang  11 , Takeharu Kato  12 , Hidehiro Itonaga  13 , Yasushi Miyazaki  14 , Katsunori Yanagihara  3 , Kumi Oshima  15 , Ayako Arai  15 , Toshiki Watanabe  15 , Yoshihisa Yamano  16
Affiliations

Clonality analysis of HTLV-1-infected cells enhances prognostic precision in smoldering adult T-cell leukemia/ lymphoma

Masumichi Saito et al. Haematologica. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Characteristics of asymptomatic carriers, patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, and patients with smoldering adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. (A) Serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R) concentrations in asymptomatic carriers (AC) (N=165), and patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) (N=205) or smoldering adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (smoldering ATL) (N=125). Proviral loads (B) and clonality values (C) were measured in the same samples as in (A). (D) AC, HAM/TSP, and smoldering ATL were categorized into three groups based on the indicated clonality values, and the frequencies are displayed. Median values are shown by horizontal lines. P values were calculated using Dunn multiple comparisons tests; **P<0.01.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Characteristics of non-progressors and progressors among patients with smoldering adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. (A) Clonality values, soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R) concentrations, and proviral loads in non-progressors (N=61) and progressors (N=23) among patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (smoldering ATL) patients. Median values are represented by horizontal lines. P values were calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test. (B) Receiver operating characteristics analysis was performed using data from the same samples in (A). The effectiveness of clonality value, sIL-2R concentration, and proviral load to discriminate between progressors and non-progressors is shown. AUC: area under the curve; CI: confidence interval.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Stratification of progression risk from smoldering to aggressive adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. (A) Bivariate analysis of clonality values and soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels for non-adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) (total, N=370; asymptomatic carrier [AC], N=165; patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis [HAM/TSP], N=205), smoldering ATL (total, N=84; non-progressor, N=61; progressor, N=23), chronic ATL (N=48), and acute ATL (N=101). The dotted lines indicate the cut-off for the clonality value (0.50) and sIL-2R concentrations (1,000 U/mL). The frequencies of samples in each population are shown across four regions (R1, R2, R3, and R4). These regions were further categorized into three groups to assess the risk of progression from smoldering to aggressive ATL (low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups). (B-D) Cumulative incidences of progression from smoldering to aggressive ATL using the clonality value alone (B), sIL-2R concentration alone (C), and a combination of both (D). Risk groups are defined as indicated in (A). N: number of samples; MTTP: median time to progression; NR: not reached.
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References

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