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Review
. 2025 Oct;30(10):1075-1078.
doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2025.04.006. Epub 2025 Apr 29.

PRIMER cells: immune hotspots in plants

Doni Thingujam  1 , Zhengzhi Tan  2 , Yiqing Wang  2 , Karolina M Pajerowska-Mukhtar  1 , M Shahid Mukhtar  3
Affiliations
Review

PRIMER cells: immune hotspots in plants

Doni Thingujam et al. Trends Plant Sci. 2025 Oct.

Abstract

Advances in single-cell and spatial biology have transformed the study of plant immunity, revealing distinct immune cell states such as primary immune responder (PRIMER) cells and offering a deeper understanding of defense mechanisms. These insights offer opportunities for the development of advanced strategies for crop protection and disease resistance.

Keywords: deep learning; gene regulatory network; single cell; spatial biology; system biology.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests.

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