Precision nutrition for cardiometabolic diseases

Marta Guasch-Ferré^{1

2

3}, Clemens Wittenbecher⁴, Marie Palmnäs⁴, Orly Ben-Yacov^{5

6}, Ellen E Blaak^{7

8}, Christina C Dahm⁹, Tove Fall¹⁰, Berit L Heitmann^{11

12

13}, Tine R Licht¹⁴, Marie Löf^{15

16}, Ruth Loos¹⁷, Chirag J Patel¹⁸, Carmelo Quarta¹⁹, Leanne M Redman²⁰, Eran Segal^{5

6}, Nicola Segata^{21

22}, Michael Snyder²³, Qi Sun^{24

25

26}, Deirdre K Tobias^{24

27}, Frank B Hu^{24

25

26}, Paul W Franks^{24

28

29}, Rikard Landberg⁴, Jennifer L Sargent^{30

31}, Jordi Merino^{32

33

34}

Affiliations

¹ Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. marta.guasch@sund.ku.dk.
² Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. marta.guasch@sund.ku.dk.
³ Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. marta.guasch@sund.ku.dk.
⁴ Department of Life Sciences, SciLifeLab, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
⁵ Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
⁶ Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
⁷ Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
⁸ NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
⁹ Research Unit for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
¹⁰ Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
¹¹ Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark.
¹² Section for General Medicine, The Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
¹³ The Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁴ National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
¹⁵ Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
¹⁶ Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹⁷ Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
¹⁸ Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁹ University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France.
²⁰ Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
²¹ Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
²² Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
²³ Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
²⁴ Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
²⁵ Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
²⁶ Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
²⁷ Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
²⁸ Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
²⁹ Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
³⁰ School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK.
³¹ BabelFisk, Helsingborg, Sweden.
³² Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. jordi.merino@sund.ku.dk.
³³ Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. jordi.merino@sund.ku.dk.
³⁴ Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. jordi.merino@sund.ku.dk.

PMID: 40307513
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-025-03669-9

Review

Precision nutrition for cardiometabolic diseases

Marta Guasch-Ferré et al. Nat Med. 2025 May.

. 2025 May;31(5):1444-1453.

doi: 10.1038/s41591-025-03669-9. Epub 2025 Apr 30.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. marta.guasch@sund.ku.dk.
² Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. marta.guasch@sund.ku.dk.
³ Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. marta.guasch@sund.ku.dk.
⁴ Department of Life Sciences, SciLifeLab, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
⁵ Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
⁶ Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
⁷ Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
⁸ NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
⁹ Research Unit for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
¹⁰ Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
¹¹ Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark.
¹² Section for General Medicine, The Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
¹³ The Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁴ National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
¹⁵ Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
¹⁶ Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹⁷ Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
¹⁸ Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁹ University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France.
²⁰ Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
²¹ Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
²² Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
²³ Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
²⁴ Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
²⁵ Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
²⁶ Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
²⁷ Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
²⁸ Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
²⁹ Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
³⁰ School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK.
³¹ BabelFisk, Helsingborg, Sweden.
³² Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. jordi.merino@sund.ku.dk.
³³ Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. jordi.merino@sund.ku.dk.
³⁴ Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. jordi.merino@sund.ku.dk.

PMID: 40307513
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-025-03669-9

Abstract

Precision nutrition is a vibrant and rapidly evolving field of scientific research and innovation with the potential to deliver health, societal and economic benefits by improving healthcare delivery and policies. Advances in deep phenotyping technologies, digital tools and artificial intelligence have made possible early proof-of-concept research that expands the understanding of within- and between-person variability in responses to diet. These studies illustrate the promise of precision nutrition to complement the traditional 'one size fits all' dietary guidelines, which, while considering broad life-stage and disease-specific nutritional requirements, often lack the granularity to account fully for individual variations in nutritional needs and dietary responses. Despite these developments, however, considerable challenges remain before precision nutrition can be implemented on a broader scale. This Review examines the current state of precision nutrition research, with a focus on its application to reducing the incidence and burden of cardiometabolic diseases. We critically examine the evidence base, explore the potential benefits and discuss the challenges and opportunities ahead.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: M.G.-F. is the principal investigator of a grant funded by the International Nut Council (INC). R. Landberg is the founder of the Nordic Rye Forum—a platform for collaboration on rye and health between universities, institutes and industry. R. Landberg is a member of the scientific panel of the Lantmännen Research Foundation and Arla Food and Health. R. Landberg is a recipient of research grants from the Lantmännen Research Foundation, Lantmännen, Barilla, Oatly and Arla for specific projects. P.W.F. is a member of the scientific advisory board of and has received consulting honoraria from Zoe Ltd. He was a senior investigator in the PREDICT1 trial. J.L.S. has received consulting fees from the World Health Organization and the University of Bergen. This work was done outside these roles, and the opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the World Health Organization or the University of Bergen. J.L.S. is the founder of BabelFisk, which provides consulting services in health sciences and public and global health; she was also Deputy Editor of Nature Medicine until December 2023, and all work on the current Review was done after she left employment at Springer Nature. M.S. is a cofounder and scientific advisor of Crosshair Therapeutics, Exposomics, Filtricine, Fodsel, iollo, InVu Health, January AI, Marble Therapeutics, Mirvie, Next Thought AI, Orange Street Ventures, Personalis, Protos Biologics, Qbio, RTHM and SensOmics. M.S. is a scientific advisor of Abbratech, Applied Cognition, Enovone, Jupiter Therapeutics, M3 Helium, Mitrix, Neuvivo, Onza, Sigil Biosciences, TranscribeGlass, WndrHLTH and Yuvan Research. M.S. is a cofounder of NiMo Therapeutics. M.S. is an investor and scientific advisor of R42 and Swaza. M.S. is an investor in Repair Biotechnologies. The other authors declare no competing interests.

References

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Precision nutrition for cardiometabolic diseases

Affiliations

Precision nutrition for cardiometabolic diseases

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

References

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Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

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Medical