. 2025 Apr 29;11(5):e1787.

doi: 10.1097/TXD.0000000000001787. eCollection 2025 May.

Pediatric Liver and Kidney Transplant Recipients Demonstrate Greater Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Than Adults

Tobias Laue^{1

2}, Maria Pilar Ballester³, Lily Meoli⁴, Carl Grabitz¹, Eva Uson⁵, Lorenzo D Antiga⁶, Valerie McLin⁷, Montserrat Pujadas⁵, Ângela Carvalho-Gomes^{8

9}, Ivan Sahuco⁸, Ariadna Bono⁸, Federico D'Amico^{10

11}, Raffaela Viganò¹², Elena Diago^{13

14

15}, Beatriz Tormo Lanseros^{13

15}, Elvira Inglese¹², Dani Martinez Vazquez¹⁶, Annelotte Broekhoven¹⁷, Marjolein Kikkert¹⁸, Shessy P Torres Morales¹⁸, Sebenzile K Myeni¹⁸, Mar Riveiro-Barciela^{15

16

19}, Adriana Palom^{15

16}, Nicola Zeni²⁰, Alessandra Brocca²⁰, Annarosa Cussigh²¹, Sara Cmet²¹, Maria Desamparados Escudero-García^{3

22}, Matteo Stocco³, Leonardo Antonio Natola²³, Donatella Ieluzzi²³, Veronica Paon²³, Angelo Sangiovanni²⁴, Elisa Farina²⁴, Clara Dibenedetto²⁴, Yolanda Sánchez-Torrijos²⁵, Ana Lucena-Varela²⁵, Eva Román^{15

26

27}, Elisabet Sánchez^{15

26}, Rubén Sánchez-Aldehuelo²⁸, Julia López-Cardona²⁸, Dhaarica Jeyanesan⁴, Alejandro Esquivel Morocho⁴, Itzel Canas-Perez²⁹, Christine Eastgate²⁹, Simone Di Cola³⁰, Lucia Lapenna³⁰, Giacomo Zaccherini^{31

32}, Deborah Bongiovanni³¹, Antonio Riva³³, Rajni Sharma³³, Hio Lam Phoebe Tsou³³, Nicola Harris³³, Paola Zanaga^{34

35}, Katia Sayaf^{34

35}, Sabir Hossain³⁶, Javier Crespo^{37

38}, Mercedes Robles-Díaz^{15

39}, Antonio Madejón⁴⁰, Helena Degroote^{41

42}, Marko Korenjak⁴³, Xavier Verhelst^{19

41

44}, Javier García-Samaniego⁴⁰, Raúl J Andrade^{15

39}, Paula Iruzubieta^{37

38}, Gavin Wright³⁶, Paolo Caraceni^{31

32}, Manuela Merli³⁰, Vishal C Patel^{4

33}, Amir Gander²⁹, Agustín Albillos²⁸, Germán Soriano^{15

26}, Maria Francesca Donato²⁴, David Sacerdoti²³, Pierluigi Toniutto²¹, Maria Buti^{14

16}, Christophe Duvoux⁴⁵, Paolo Antonio Grossi⁴⁶, Thomas Berg⁴⁷, Wojciech G Polak⁴⁸, Massimo Puoti⁴⁹, Anna Bosch-Comas⁵, Luca S Belli¹², Patrizia Burra^{34

35}, Francesco Paolo Russo^{34

35}, Minneke Coenraad¹⁷, José Luis Calleja^{13

15}, Giovanni Perricone¹², Shilpa Chokshi^{33

50}, Marina Berenguer^{8

9}, Joan Clària^{5

51}, Richard Moreau^{5

52

53}, Javier Fernández^{5

54}, Vicente Arroyo⁵, Paolo Angeli¹⁹, Cristina Sánchez-Garrido⁵, Javier Ampuero²⁵, Salvatore Piano¹⁹, Emanuele Nicastro⁵⁵, Nathalie Rock⁷, Debbie Shawcross⁵⁶, Lindsey Edwards⁵⁷, Frauke Mutschler¹, Anette Melk¹, Gautam Mehta^{29

58}, Ulrich Baumann^{1

59}, Rajiv Jalan^{5

29

58}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Paediatric Kidney, Liver, and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
² Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
³ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
⁴ Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
⁵ European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF CLIF), Barcelona, Spain.
⁶ Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
⁷ Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pediatric Nutrition Unit, Department of pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Swiss Pediatric Liver Center, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
⁸ Hepatology, HBP Surgery and Transplantation, Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, IIS La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
⁹ CIBEREHD, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
¹⁰ Infectious Diseases Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
¹¹ Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
¹² Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
¹³ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, IDIPHIM, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁴ Central Unit of Clinical Research and Clinical Trials, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁵ CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁶ Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Valle de Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁷ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center Transplant Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
¹⁸ Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University Center of Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden, The Netherlands.
¹⁹ European Reference Network (ERN)RARE-LIVER.
²⁰ Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
²¹ Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
²² Medicine Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
²³ Azienda Ospedaiera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy.
²⁴ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
²⁵ Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
²⁶ Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
²⁷ EUI-Sant Pau School of Nursing, Barcelona, Spain.
²⁸ Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
²⁹ Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
³⁰ Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
³¹ Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
³² Unit of Semeiotics, Liver and Alcohol-related Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
³³ Roger Williams Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London & Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.
³⁴ Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
³⁵ Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Units, Azienda Ospedale Università' di Padova, Padova, Italy.
³⁶ Mid & South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon, United Kingdom.
³⁷ Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain.
³⁸ Clinical and Traslational Digestive Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.
³⁹ Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
⁴⁰ Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, CIBERehd, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
⁴¹ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
⁴² Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Jette, Belgium.
⁴³ European Liver Patients' Association.
⁴⁴ Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
⁴⁵ Department of Hepatology-Liver Transplant Unit, Henri Mondor Hospital-APHP, Paris Est University, Paris, France.
⁴⁶ Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy.
⁴⁷ European Association for the Study of the Liver.
⁴⁸ Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
⁴⁹ Infectious Diseases Niguarda Great Metropolitan Hospital, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
⁵⁰ Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom.
⁵¹ Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd) and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
⁵² Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation (CRI), INSERM and Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
⁵³ Service d'hépatologie, APHP, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France.
⁵⁴ Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Centro de Investigación Biomèdica en Red (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain.
⁵⁵ Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
⁵⁶ School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Roger Williams Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
⁵⁷ Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
⁵⁸ Institute for Liver and Digestive Heath, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
⁵⁹ Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.

PMID: 40309027
PMCID: PMC12043343
DOI: 10.1097/TXD.0000000000001787

Pediatric Liver and Kidney Transplant Recipients Demonstrate Greater Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Than Adults

Tobias Laue et al. Transplant Direct. 2025.

. 2025 Apr 29;11(5):e1787.

doi: 10.1097/TXD.0000000000001787. eCollection 2025 May.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Paediatric Kidney, Liver, and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
² Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
³ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
⁴ Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
⁵ European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF CLIF), Barcelona, Spain.
⁶ Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
⁷ Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pediatric Nutrition Unit, Department of pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Swiss Pediatric Liver Center, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
⁸ Hepatology, HBP Surgery and Transplantation, Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, IIS La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
⁹ CIBEREHD, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
¹⁰ Infectious Diseases Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
¹¹ Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
¹² Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
¹³ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, IDIPHIM, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁴ Central Unit of Clinical Research and Clinical Trials, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁵ CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁶ Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Valle de Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁷ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center Transplant Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
¹⁸ Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University Center of Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden, The Netherlands.
¹⁹ European Reference Network (ERN)RARE-LIVER.
²⁰ Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
²¹ Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
²² Medicine Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
²³ Azienda Ospedaiera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy.
²⁴ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
²⁵ Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
²⁶ Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
²⁷ EUI-Sant Pau School of Nursing, Barcelona, Spain.
²⁸ Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
²⁹ Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
³⁰ Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
³¹ Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
³² Unit of Semeiotics, Liver and Alcohol-related Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
³³ Roger Williams Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London & Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.
³⁴ Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
³⁵ Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Units, Azienda Ospedale Università' di Padova, Padova, Italy.
³⁶ Mid & South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon, United Kingdom.
³⁷ Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain.
³⁸ Clinical and Traslational Digestive Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.
³⁹ Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
⁴⁰ Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, CIBERehd, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
⁴¹ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
⁴² Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Jette, Belgium.
⁴³ European Liver Patients' Association.
⁴⁴ Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
⁴⁵ Department of Hepatology-Liver Transplant Unit, Henri Mondor Hospital-APHP, Paris Est University, Paris, France.
⁴⁶ Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy.
⁴⁷ European Association for the Study of the Liver.
⁴⁸ Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
⁴⁹ Infectious Diseases Niguarda Great Metropolitan Hospital, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
⁵⁰ Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom.
⁵¹ Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd) and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
⁵² Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation (CRI), INSERM and Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
⁵³ Service d'hépatologie, APHP, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France.
⁵⁴ Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Centro de Investigación Biomèdica en Red (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain.
⁵⁵ Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
⁵⁶ School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Roger Williams Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
⁵⁷ Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
⁵⁸ Institute for Liver and Digestive Heath, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
⁵⁹ Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.

PMID: 40309027
PMCID: PMC12043343
DOI: 10.1097/TXD.0000000000001787

Abstract

Background: Adult solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have decreased responsiveness to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination and higher incidence of infection, but there are few data on the serological response in pediatric SOTR. The aim of this study was to determine serological response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pediatric liver (LT) and kidney transplant (KT) recipients and compare it with adult SOTR.

Methods: A European, prospective, multicenter study was performed. Samples were taken at 7 and 32 wk following COVID-19 vaccination and serological endpoints were measured by ELISA.

Results: A total of 42 pediatric (16 post-LT and 26 post-KT) and 117 adult (all post-LT) were included. All pediatric participants and 94% adult participants received mRNA vaccines. Paediatric SOTR patients had significantly higher anti-Spike IgG levels than adult participants at week 7 (114 220.7 [59 285.92-220 058.55] versus 8756.7 [5643.69-13 586.71], P < 0.0001) and week 32 (46 113.2 [10 992.91-193 436.14] versus 8207.0 [3561.20-18 913.43], P = 0.0032). No significant difference in week 7 anti-Spike IgG response was found between pediatric LT and KT (129 434.4 [51 888.64-322 869.69] versus 105 304.5 [39 910.20-277 849.50], P = 0.9854). No differences were seen between children and adults in the rate of decline of anti-Spike IgG between weeks 7 and 32 (P = 0.8000). Male sex and hemolytic-uremic syndrome or postischemic kidney disease were associated with lower anti-Spike IgG levels at week 7 in pediatric SOTR.

Conclusions: Paediatric SOTR demonstrate greater SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses than comparable adult SOTR patients. These data support efficacy and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in child SOTR and may alleviate vaccine hesitancy in this patient group.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

G.M. owns stock in Hepyx Ltd. M.R.-B. advises GSK and received grants from Gilead. A.S. is on the speakers’ bureau for Abbott. X.V. consults for and received grants from AbbVie. He consults for Eisai. He received grants from Gilead, Dr. Falk Pharma, and Astellas. V.C.P. received grants from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. A.G. owns stock in Tissue Access for Patient Benefit Limited. M.F.D. advises and is on the speakers’ bureau for Kedrion Biopharma. P.T. consults for, is on the speakers’ bureau for, and received grants from Gilead. He consults for and is on the speakers’ bureau for Meso Scale Diagnostic. He is on the speakers’ bureau for and received grants from Intercept. He is on the speakers’ bureau for Meso Scale Diagnostic, AbbVie, Shionogi, SOBI, and Novartis. T.B. advises, is on the speakers’ bureau of, and received grants from Ipsen. He advises and is on the speakers’ bureau for Eisai, Roche, and Bayer. F.P.R. is on the speakers’ bureau for AbbVie and Gilead. M.B. consults for Gilead, Ipsen, Orphalan, Deep-genomic, Alexion, and Chiesi. She received grants from Gilead. V.A. has other interests in Grifols. P.A. is on the speakers’ bureau for and received grants from CSL Behring. He advises BioVie, BioMarin, and Genfit. He is on the speakers’ bureau for Grifols and Kedrion. S.P. consults for Plasma Protein Therapeutics Association and Resolution Therapeutics. He advises Mallinckrodt. He is on the speakers’ bureau for Grifols. U.B. is a consultant for Albireo Pharma, Mirum Pharma, Alexion Pharma, Vivet Pharma and Nestlé. R.J. owns stock in Yaqrit, Hepyx, Cyberliver, and Gigabiome. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

**FIGURE 1.**
Study outline. *Second vaccine dose will be given after 6 wk (±1 wk after initial dose according to the recommendations for mRNA vaccines).

**FIGURE 2.**
Humoral immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination in pediatric and adult patients. Comparison of anti-Spike IgG (A) and anti-RBD IgG (B) levels between pediatric and adult SOTR at weeks 7 and 32 following vaccination. Box plots show geometric mean and interquartile range. The y-axis is scaled logarithmically. RBD, receptor binding domain; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2; SOTR, solid organ transplant recipients.

**FIGURE 3.**
Humoral immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination in pediatric liver and kidney transplant patients. Comparison of anti-Spike IgG (A) and anti-RBD IgG (B) levels between pediatric LT and KT recipients. Box plots show geometric mean and interquartile range. The y-axis is scaled logarithmically. KT, kidney transplant; LT, liver transplant; RBD, receptor binding domain; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Pediatric Liver and Kidney Transplant Recipients Demonstrate Greater Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Than Adults

Affiliations

Pediatric Liver and Kidney Transplant Recipients Demonstrate Greater Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Than Adults

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