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. 2025 Apr 3;66(1):174-186.
doi: 10.71480/nmj.v66i1.662. eCollection 2025 Jan-Feb.

Determinants and Prevalence of Paediatrics Return Visits to the Emergency Department in a Tertiary Hospital in Southeast Nigeria: A Retrospective Study

Chinelo V Okeke  1 , Obinna V Obaji  1 , Chijioke O Ogeh  2 , Obinna J Chukwu  2 , Uzoma V Asiegbu  2 , Kenneth J Okoro  2 , Chinonyelum T Ezeonu  2
Affiliations

Determinants and Prevalence of Paediatrics Return Visits to the Emergency Department in a Tertiary Hospital in Southeast Nigeria: A Retrospective Study

Chinelo V Okeke et al. Niger Med J. .

Abstract

Background: Pediatric Emergency Department (ED) return visits are an essential quality indicator, assessing the adequacy of care provided during the initial consultation, patient management, and subsequent follow-up. Despite the high burden of pediatric emergency cases, there is paucity of data on the prevalence and determinants of return visits in Nigeria. This study therefore aims to determine the prevalence and determinants of pediatric return visits to the ED in a tertiary hospital in Southeast Nigeria.Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted for pediatric patients who visited the ED of the National Obstetric Fistula Center (NOFIC) Abakaliki Ebonyi State, from September 2022 to August 2023. Data on demographics, presenting complaints, diagnoses, investigations, and treatments from initial and return visits were collected and analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the prevalence of return visits and explore associations with factors such as age, sex, type of caregiver, number of diagnoses, and duration of admission.

Results: Among 181 pediatric patients, 19 (10.5%) had a return visit to the ED. Most of these patients were 0-5 years old (80.7%), with a slightly higher proportion of males (56.9%). The most reported symptoms were fever (77.3%) and vomiting (44.8%), with malaria being the predominant diagnosis at both initial (65 cases) and return visits. Although male children (68.4%) and those with multiple diagnoses had higher return rates, statistical analysis revealed no significant associations between return visits and the examined variables.

Conclusion: The 10.5% prevalence of pediatric return visits to the ED is a clear indicator of the complex relationship between illness severity, the quality of care provided and the health-seeking behavior of care givers in a resource limited health care facility. The study helps to understand some causes of return visits and develop strategies to reduce their occurrence.

Keywords: Malaria; Nigeria; Pediatric Emergency Care; Prevalence; Return Visits.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The pattern of diagnosis for initial and return visits in the study participants
Figure 2
Figure 2
displays the diagnoses made among all study participants.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Showing pattern of presenting complaints of participants at first and return visits
Figure 4
Figure 4
spectrum and pattern of symptoms for the participants who were hospitalized
Figure 5
Figure 5
The investigations carried out during the initial visits for patients who eventually returned to the ED.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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