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Review
. 2025 May 6;14(9):e040274.
doi: 10.1161/JAHA.124.040274. Epub 2025 May 2.

Cardiac Conduction Disorders Due to Acquired or Genetic Causes in Young Adults: A Review of the Current Literature

Cristina Balla  1 , Luca Canovi  1 , Marco Zuin  1 , Luca Di Lenno  2 , Maria L Berloni  1 , Beatrice de Carolis  1 , Assunta Di Domenico  1 , Elisabetta Tonet  1 , Francesco Vitali  1 , Michele Malagu  1 , Giuseppe Boriani  3 , Matteo Bertini  1
Affiliations
Review

Cardiac Conduction Disorders Due to Acquired or Genetic Causes in Young Adults: A Review of the Current Literature

Cristina Balla et al. J Am Heart Assoc. .

Abstract

Cardiac conduction disorders can manifest in young adults in isolated forms, associated with myocardial diseases or as part of a multiorgan disorder. Underlying causes of cardiac conduction disorders may be genetically determined or acquired. Cardiac conduction disorder in young adults is a complex and often underestimated and underrecognized disease that may need of a multidisciplinary team for the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of these patients. Therefore, it is crucial to raise clinicians' awareness of this condition. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update on the cause, diagnosis, and treatment of young adults with cardiac conduction disorders, also suggesting potential strategies to improve the current clinical management of these patients.

Keywords: atrioventricular block; cardiac conduction disorders; genetic; myocardial disease; young adults.

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Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Summary of acquired and familial causes of CCD in young adults.
CCD indicates cardiac conduction disorders.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Flow chart for management of young patients with CCD.
CCD indicates cardiac conduction disorders.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Representative ECGs of patients with acquired and gene‐related CCDs.
CCD indicates cardiac conduction disorders; LMNA, lamin A/C; and SCN5A, sodium voltage‐gated channel alpha subunit 5.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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