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. 2025 Jun;38(5):1395-1402.
doi: 10.1007/s40620-025-02242-4. Epub 2025 May 2.

Challenges experienced by informal caregivers in contributing to the selfcare practices of haemodialysis patients in Ghana

Stephen Kpekura  1   2   3 , Yan Shan  4 , Lilian Yiryuo  5 , Gustavus Adolphus Myers-Hansen  6   7 , Shahinur Parvin  1
Affiliations

Challenges experienced by informal caregivers in contributing to the selfcare practices of haemodialysis patients in Ghana

Stephen Kpekura et al. J Nephrol. 2025 Jun.

Abstract

Background: In Ghana, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease was 12% in 2017. Global data show that about 70% of people living on kidney replacement therapy are on haemodialysis. Selfcare among haemodialysis patients is important to counteract the multiple difficulties encountered. However, patients on haemodialysis often do not engage enough in selfcare and need the help of "informal", usually family caregivers. The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges experienced by caregivers in contributing to the management of haemodialysis patients in Ghana.

Methods: Descriptive qualitative research design was employed in this study. The study was conducted at the Tamale Teaching Hospital and the 37 Military Hospital in Ghana. Fourteen caregivers of adult haemodialysis patients who received care at the nephology department of the setting were recruited through purposive sampling, according to the inclusion criteria. The sample size was defined by data saturation. Informal caregivers were interviewed face-to-face using a semi-structured interview, between April and May 2024. Data were analysed manually employing Braun and Clark's six-steps of thematic analysis.

Results: Two main themes were identified with seven subthemes, namely, deficit of knowledge on kidney disease and its treatment (poor disease knowledge, poor knowledge on side effects of medications on fistula management, on blood pressure parameters, and on food requirements) and patients' non- adherence (resistance to food and fluid restrictions).

Conclusion: Supportive intervention programs may provide both patients and their caregivers with the knowledge and skills required to enable them to contribute effectively to the care of patients undergoing haemodialysis.

Keywords: Contribution; Haemodialysis; Informal caregivers; Selfcare.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ethical approval: The study was undertaken in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethical Review Board of Zhengzhou University in China (ZZUIRB2023-294) and the Ethical Review Board of the 37 Military Hospital in Ghana (37MH-IRB/PhD/IPN/820/24). All the participants signed a written informed consent form. Consent for publication: Not applicable.

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