Neurotization of the axillary nerve using a motor branch of the triceps brachii: Outcomes after a 3-to-15-year follow-up

Abstract

Purpose: Axillary nerve neurotization using a motor branch of the triceps brachii has become a therapeutic option in the management of deltoid paralysis. The purpose of this study was to report the medium to long-term outcomes of this procedure.

Material and methods: Twenty patients with a median age of 31 years (interquartile range - IQR, 29-53) were included in a single-operator retrospective study. A clinical evaluation was conducted, including the assessment of deltoid muscle strength using the British Medical Research Council grading system and a dynamometer with comparisons made between preoperative and postoperative outcomes.

Results: The median follow-up period was 6 years (IQR, 5-11). At last follow-up, the median active abduction was 160° (IQR 60-160), and 85% of patients recovered at least M3 abduction force. No donor site deficits were identified.

Discussion: The medium to long-term outcomes of the neurotization of a triceps brachii motor branch on the axillary nerve are comparable to the short-term outcomes.

Level of evidence: IV.

Keywords: Axillary nerve; Deltoid paralysis; Nerve transfer; Neurotization.