Cangrelor versus GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors as adjunctive therapy in endovascular treatment of large vessel occlusion stroke

Abstract

Background: Endovascular treatment (EVT) failures and early reocclusions in stroke often result from arterial wall disease, incomplete thrombus withdrawal, or acute endothelial injury. Intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis, in particular, poses a risk of reocclusion, sometimes requiring tailored interventions (eg, angioplasty, stenting). While glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors have been widely studied in ischemic stroke, cangrelor remains less explored.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cangrelor compared with GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors in large vessel occlusion stroke (LVOS).

Methods: This retrospective analysis from the Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke Registry included patients from 34 French centers who received cangrelor or GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors during EVT between July 2018 and September 2023. Eligible cases had refractory occlusions or arterial disease at risk of reocclusion. The primary outcome was a 90-day favorable outcome. Secondary outcomes included excellent functional outcome, early neurological improvement, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), procedural complications, and day 1 arterial patency. Propensity score overlap weighting was used for comparisons.

Results: Of 559 patients, 160 received GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors and 399 received cangrelor. Favorable outcomes were comparable (41.7% vs 43.7%; OR=1.1; 95% CI 0.61 to 1.93), as were rates of excellent functional outcome and early neurological improvement. Angiographic efficacy was similar, with modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction ≥2b rates of 89.5% for GPIIb/IIIa and 90.1% for cangrelor. No significant differences were observed in day 1 patency, 90-day mortality, or symptomatic ICH.

Conclusions: Cangrelor showed comparable safety and efficacy to GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors. These results, along with the specific pharmacodynamics, make this drug a promising agent in the acute management of complex intracranial and extracranial LVOS.

Trial registration number: NCT03776877.

Keywords: Angioplasty; Pharmacology; Stent; Stroke; Thrombectomy.