Evaluating Knowledge and Adherence to Osteoarthritis Clinical Practice Guidelines Among Indian Physiotherapists: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic condition causing pain, disability, and reduced quality of life. Physiotherapists play a key role in managing OA through evidence-based non-pharmacological interventions guided by clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and adherence to OA CPGs among Indian physiotherapists and identify factors influencing adherence. We hypothesised a positive correlation between knowledge of OA CPGs and adherence.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 271 physiotherapists from clinical and academic settings in India using a structured questionnaire administered via the Qualtrics platform. The survey assessed demographic information, knowledge and adherence to OA CPGs, and treatment decisions through a clinical vignette.

Results: Most participants demonstrated high knowledge of OA CPGs, particularly regarding exercise benefits, safety for advanced OA, and patient education. However, adherence to CPGs was inconsistent. Exercise therapy and patient education were commonly chosen, whereas other evidence-based treatments such as assistive devices and manual therapy were less frequent. Statistical analysis revealed significant predictors of adherence, including years of experience and training level, with a strong positive correlation between knowledge and adherence (r = 0.68, p < 0.01).

Conclusion: The study highlights a gap between knowledge and practice in OA management among Indian physiotherapists. Addressing barriers such as resource limitations, time constraints, and patient compliance is crucial for improving guideline-based practice and patient outcomes.

Keywords: clinical practice guidelines; cross sectional study; osteoarthritis; physiotherapy.