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. 2025 Apr 22:15:1509496.
doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1509496. eCollection 2025.

Analysis of the diagnostic and prognostic value of Peripheral blood mononuclear cell microRNA-9-5p in patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit

Haoming Ye #  1 , Ruojue Wang #  1 , Qiang Ji  1 , Qianru Li  1 , Jinquan Liang  1 , Miao Liu  2 , Limian Cao  1 , Min Shao  1   3
Affiliations

Analysis of the diagnostic and prognostic value of Peripheral blood mononuclear cell microRNA-9-5p in patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit

Haoming Ye et al. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. .

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of miR-9-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in sepsis patients.

Methods: Differentially expressed miR-9-5p in sepsis were screened from a database and available literature. Subsequently, iBMDM cell validation was conducted and the expression level of miR-9-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was determined using RT-qPCR in 69 sepsis patients and 30 non-sepsis patients with infections, 24 hours after ICU admission. A control group that comprised 35 healthy individuals, matched for age and sex, was set up from those who agreed to provide blood samples laboratory analysis.

Results: On admission to the ICU, the levels of miR-9-5p were significantly higher in sepsis patients (10.13 [3.21, 24.94]) than in non-sepsis patients with infections (2.08 [1.68, 3.18]) and healthy controls (0.86 [0.36, 1.88]) (p < 0.001). The miR-9-5p levels were positively correlated with the severity of the disease as indicated by the SOFA score (r=0.656, P<0.001). The AUC of miR-9-5p in predicting sepsis, septic shock, and in-hospital death was 0.825, 0.821, and 0.845, respectively.

Conclusion: Elevated expression levels of miR-9-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are significantly associated with an increased risk of sepsis and septic shock, and also indicate a higher risk of organ dysfunction.

Keywords: diagnosis; microRNA-9-5p; peripheral blood mononuclear cell; prognosis prediction; sepsis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart for screening patients with sepsis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Differential microRNA Volcano Plot.
Figure 3
Figure 3
LPS-Induced Expression of six microRNAs in Macrophages. (A) miR-9-5p (B) miR-125-5p (C) miR-155-5p (D) miR-23-3p (E) miR-203-3p (F) miR-149-5p. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, ns, not significant (p ≥ 0.05).
Figure 4
Figure 4
The mRNA expression level of microRNA-9-5p was significantly upregulated in sepsis. (A) Relative expression of microRNA-9-5p in sepsis, non-sepsis infection, and healthy controls. (B) The relative expression levels of microRNA-9-5p in the Gram-negative bacteria group and the Gram-positive bacteria group were cultured. (C) Relative expression of microRNA-9-5p in lung infection group and abdominal infection group. (D) Relative expression of microRNA-9-5p in survivor and non-survivor. (E) Relative mRNA expression levels of IL1-β in mouse monocytes(CLP, referring to the Cecal Ligation and Puncture model). (F) Relative mRNA expression levels of TNF-α in mouse monocytes. (G) Relative mRNA expression levels of microRNA-9-5p in mouse monocytes. *** p < 0.001, ns, not significant (p ≥ 0.05).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Correlation heatmap between the expression level of miR-9-5P in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and clinical indicators.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Correlation heatmap between the expression level of microRNA-9-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and clinical indicators. (A) SOFA (B) APACHEII (C) CRP (D) PCT (E) PLT (F) BUN (G) BNP (H) Tbil (I) eGFR.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Correlation Between microRNA-9-5p Expression Level and SOFA Score Relative expression of microRNA-9-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in sepsis group and septic shock group. (B) Comparison of SOFA score between sepsis group and septic shock group. (C) Relative expression of microRNA-9-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells increased with the increase of organ failure. (D) Stratification according to SOFA score. ***: p < 0.001.
Figure 8
Figure 8
ROC Curve for predicting sepsis with the expression level of microRNA-9-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Figure 9
Figure 9
ROC curve for predicting septic shock with the expression level of microRNA-9-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Figure 10
Figure 10
ROC curve for predicting sepsis mortality with the expression level of microRNA-9-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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