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Review
. 2025 Apr 5;17(4):e81746.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.81746. eCollection 2025 Apr.

Global Trends and Insights Into the Neurological Manifestations of Sjögren's Syndrome: A Bibliometric Review

Hina Ali Akbar  1 , Mehak Ahsan  2 , Aneela Bukhari  2 , Minahil Fatima  2 , Murtaza Ahsan Ansari  3 , Mohammad Fadel Nu'man  4 , Bency Babu  5 , Omar H Salloum  4 , Taha Z Makhlouf  4 , Jaisingh Rajput  6
Affiliations
Review

Global Trends and Insights Into the Neurological Manifestations of Sjögren's Syndrome: A Bibliometric Review

Hina Ali Akbar et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Neurological symptoms in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) present across a spectrum of severity, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This bibliometric review adopts a comprehensive approach to analyze the research landscape related to these symptoms. The data source utilized for this bibliometric review was the Web of Science Core Collection. The study selection encompassed English-language articles and reviews published between January 1, 2006, and June 30, 2023. Data extraction involved a systematic analysis of a total of 910 publications, which included 625 research articles and 285 reviews. The publication trends indicate a steady growth in research output, peaking with 122 papers in 2022. Geographic contributions primarily originate from the United States, followed by robust European contributions and increasing input from Asian countries, particularly China and Japan. Influential researchers such as Smith JM from Johns Hopkins University, Brown L from Harvard University, and Wang Q from Peking University have significantly shaped this field. Key institutions driving substantial publication volume and citation impact include Johns Hopkins University, Harvard University, and the University of Tokyo. Furthermore, journals such as Neurology, Journal of Autoimmunity, and Clinical Rheumatology play pivotal roles in disseminating advancements in SS-related neurological research. Future research priorities should focus on primary prevention, emphasizing the need for global cooperation and collaboration in neurological SS workup. There is a call for encouraging interdisciplinary, internationally focused investigative efforts specifically targeting SS neurologists. Key focus areas include potential preventive therapies aimed at significant neural dysfunctions (e.g., sensory neuropathy), mechanisms of microvascular dysfunction, and cognitive profiles/immunomodulation against autoantibodies. This analysis underscores the continued necessity for further research to optimize diagnosis and treatment in cases involving the complexities of neurological involvement with SS.

Keywords: autoimmune mechanisms; cognitive dysfunction; neurological symptoms; peripheral neuropathy; sjögren's syndrome.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Flow diagram of the study selection procedure
WOS: Web of Science
Figure 2
Figure 2. Trend of publications and citations on neurological manifestations in Sjögren’s syndrome (2005–2023)
Figure 3
Figure 3. Geographical knowledge of research on neurological symptoms of Sjogren's syndrome (2005-2024)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Co-citation analysis of journals on neurological symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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