Human papillomavirus vaccination: if the vaccine is important and available, why not use it?

Abstract

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common virus of the reproductive tract, is linked to cervical cancer, and can be prevented by vaccination, which is most effective if the vaccine is administered before sexual activity begins.

Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional, and qualitative study was based on a survey containing 15 questions delivered to schools in three cities in the ABC region. Two schools from high-income neighborhoods and two from low-income neighborhoods were selected in each city based on real estate values. Data were expressed in absolute numbers and percentages and interpreted by descriptive analysis. The statistical tests of association were performed.

Results: Twelve schools were invited and nine agreed to participate. Of the 4,503 questionnaires delivered, 1,921 were completed by parents and guardians. The vaccination rate was 56.05% in private schools and 66.58% in public schools. Private vs. public school was not an independent factor for vaccination, but residing in a low-income neighborhood and city was a determinant factor. Approximately 40% of the parents/guardians reported not having their children vaccinated, primarily due to concerns about adverse effects.

Conclusion: Despite being freely available and proven effective, the human papillomavirus vaccine remains underutilized. The reasons exposed in this paper may be useful in strategies to enhance vaccination coverage.

Trial registration: This study was approved by the research ethics committee under the number 2.143.196.