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. 2025 Apr 14;30(8):1760.
doi: 10.3390/molecules30081760.

Solvent-Free and Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Enables Formation of Imidazole and Pyrazole Derivatives Through Epoxide Ring Opening

MaryGrace McAfee  1 , Joshua Pack  1 , Brian Walker  1
Affiliations

Solvent-Free and Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Enables Formation of Imidazole and Pyrazole Derivatives Through Epoxide Ring Opening

MaryGrace McAfee et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

A solvent-free, microwave-assisted approach for the ring-opening reactions of phenyl glycidyl ether with a series of commercially available imidazoles and pyrazoles is described. Microwave irradiation allows reactions to proceed rapidly. This straightforward approach efficiently generated adducts with competitive yields compared to traditional methods that use conventional heating or organic solvents. This technique is particularly suited for high-throughput screening in drug discovery, offering a significant reduction in time and resource consumption.

Keywords: antifungal; azoles; imidazoles; microwave synthesis; solvent free.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Selected examples of medicinally relevant azole-containing compounds.
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