Association between postresuscitation 12-lead ECG features and long-term neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a post-hoc subanalysis of the PEACE study

Abstract

Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has low survival rates worldwide. For the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome causing OHCA and the identification of patients eligible for immediate coronary angiography, the post-return of spontaneous circulation electrocardiogram (post-ROSC ECG) is crucial. However, it is still unclear whether post-ROSC ECG features also pose a sensible feature for outcome prediction.

Methods: This retrospective study analysed adult non-traumatic OHCA cases with post-ROSC ECGs admitted to one of the three participating centers in Vienna (Austria), Pavia (Italy) and Lugano (Switzerland) between 01/2015 and 12/2018, and reports ECG features, survival and neurological outcome (at hospital discharge and after one year). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between ECG features and neurological outcome.

Results: STEMI was diagnosed in 53.5% of post-ROSC ECGs. 68.1% of patients were discharged, with 59.5% having a favorable neurological outcome. One year later, 61.6% of non-STEMI patients had a favorable outcome compared to 54% of STEMI patients. Univariable analysis indicated that ST-elevations in II, III, and aVF, as well as a broader QRS complex significantly influenced neurological outcomes at one year.

Conclusions: ECG after ROSC can identify patients at high risk of death after OHCA earlier than other prognostic methods, not only in terms of short-term mortality, but also in terms of neurological outcome one year after OHCA. Wider QRS complex and ST-elevations in II, III, or aVF were identified as specific prognosticators.

Keywords: CPR; Cardiac arrest; Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation; OHCA; Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; Resuscitation.