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. 2025 Apr 23:12:1569789.
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1569789. eCollection 2025.

Incidence of subchorionic hematoma and contributing factors in assisted reproductive technologies-a retrospective cohort study

Wei Wei #  1 , Xue Chang Qiu #  1 , Ni Tang  1 , Zhuo Liang  2 , Jinxiang Wu  3 , Pinxiu Huang  2
Affiliations

Incidence of subchorionic hematoma and contributing factors in assisted reproductive technologies-a retrospective cohort study

Wei Wei et al. Front Med (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Background: To explore the incidence of subchorionic hematoma (SCH) in IVF-ET (In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, IVF-ET) fresh, IVF-FET (In vitro fertilization-freeze-thaw embryo transfer, IVF-FET), PGT-FET (preimplantation genetic testing-freeze-thaw embryo transfer, PGT-FET), AIH (artificial insemination by husband, AIH), and natural pregnancy (NP), and to analyze contributing factors.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. Patients were included: IVF-fresh ET, IVF-FET, PGT-FET, AIH, and NP patient groups. The incidence of SCH in different ART and effect of SCH on pregnancy outcome were compared, Further, multivariate analyses of the occurrence of SCH were conducted.

Results: The incidence of SCH with IVF-fresh ET, IVF-FET, PGT-FET, AIH and NP was 27.50%, 22.56%, 16.86%, 12.95%, and 13.02%, respectively. Compared with the incidences of SCH with AIH and NP that for IVF-fresh ET and IVF-FET transfer were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The occurrence of SCH was not significantly associated with miscarriage and was significantly negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with high-quality embryos.

Conclusion: The incidence of SCH in ET was increased compared with that in the Not ET groups, especially after fresh ET. ET unavoidably seems to contribute to the development of SCH; however, it does not affect the pregnancy outcome.

Keywords: In vitro fertilization; frozen–thawed embryo transfer; miscarriage; preimplantation genetic testing; preterm birth; subchorionic hematoma.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart: Data from the 4 months in the same period of different ART pregnancy aid schemes in 2020–2021 were randomly selected.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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