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. 2025 May;30(18):2400610.
doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.18.2400610.

Use of healthcare services preceding HIV diagnosis - missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis, Finland, 1996 to 2019

Sanna Isosomppi  1   2   3 , Mikaela Mutru  2   4   3 , Jukka Ollgren  2 , Henrikki Brummer-Korvenkontio  2 , Kirsi Liitsola  2 , Jussi Sutinen  4 , Inka Aho  4 , Pia Kivelä  4
Affiliations

Use of healthcare services preceding HIV diagnosis - missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis, Finland, 1996 to 2019

Sanna Isosomppi et al. Euro Surveill. 2025 May.

Abstract

BackgroundHIV testing based on indicator conditions is recommended to diagnose HIV earlier.AimOur aim was to assess opportunities for earlier diagnosis of HIV.MethodThis is a retrospective study on people living with HIV (PLWH) included in the national HIV register. We collected data on public primary outpatient healthcare (PHC) (2011-2019), secondary and tertiary outpatient healthcare (STHC), and all inpatient care (1996-2019) from the Care Register for Health Care from the presumed acquisition, estimated by CD4+ T-cell count at diagnosis, until the diagnosis of HIV.ResultsOf 907 PLWH diagnosed between 2011 and 2019, 522 (58%) had ≥ 1 healthcare contact at any level between HIV acquisition and > 30 days before diagnosis. At least one European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) indicator condition was recorded for 119 (23% of 522), and 112 (21%) were born in a high-prevalence country. In total, 384 of 907 (42%) had visited a PHC physician, and 58% of those with CD4+ T-cell count < 200 cells/μL at diagnosis. Of 2,082 PLWH diagnosed between 1996 and 2019, 869 (42%) had STHC outpatient contacts > 30 days before diagnosis, 18% with ≥ 1 ECDC indicator condition, and 367 (18%) had been hospitalised, 20% with ≥ 1 ECDC indicator condition. The most common ECDC indicator conditions > 30 days before diagnosis at all levels of healthcare were pneumonia, sexually transmitted infections, unexplained fever, herpes zoster, pregnancy and lymphadenopathy.ConclusionWe recommend enhancing indicator condition-based HIV testing by all healthcare providers, particularly for gonorrhoea, syphilis and, for persons younger than 50 years, also herpes zoster and lymphadenopathy.

Keywords: Delayed diagnosis; Finland; HIV; Health Services.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: MM, JO, HB-K and KL declare none. SI has received a lecture fee from GSK. JS has received honoraria, lecture fees, and conference support from Gilead, Merck and GSK/ViiV, and research grants from Gilead and Merck. PK and IA have received honoraria, lecture fees, and conference support from Gilead, Merck and GSK/ViiV, and research grants from Gilead.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of collection and processing of data for the study, Finland, 1996–2019 (n = 4,218)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Frequency of healthcare contacts before HIV diagnosis, by time and CD4+ T-cell count at diagnosis, Finland, 1996–2019 (n = 1,971)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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