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. 2025 May 8;20(5):e0323248.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323248. eCollection 2025.

FasterNet-YOLO for real-time detection of steel surface defects algorithm

Shiwei Yu  1 , Zelin Liu  1 , Liang Zhang  1 , Xiaoqiang Zhang  1 , Jikui Wang  1
Affiliations

FasterNet-YOLO for real-time detection of steel surface defects algorithm

Shiwei Yu et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Steel surface defect detection is an important application of object detection in industry. Achieving object detection in industry while balancing detection accuracy and real-time performance is a challenge. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved FasterNet-YOLO model based on the one-stage detector. Introduce the FasterNet network to reconstruct the YOLOv5 backbone network. Achievement of model lightweighting and significant improvement in detection speed, but with a slight reduction in accuracy. The YOLOv5 neck network's ordinary convolution is improved by depthwise separable convolution. Continuing to improve detection speed while further reducing redundant parameters in the neck network. To improve model accuracy, the Swin-Transformer is integrated into the C3 module in the neck network. Solve the problem of cluttered backgrounds in defect photographs and easy confusion between defect types. Meanwhile, BiFPN is used for feature fusion. By retaining more informative features, the detector's ability to adapt to targets at different scales is improved. The results indicated that when comparing FasterNet-YOLO with the original model, the parameters were reduced by 49.4%, GFLOPs were reduced by 57.0%, mAP increased by 6.2%, and FPS increased by 54.1%. The improved model not only increases the detection accuracy, but also significantly improves the speed of hot-rolled strip surface defect detection to meet the requirements of real-time detection.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. The network structure of FasterNet--YOLO.
Fig 2
Fig 2. The backbone network improvements based on the FasterNet network.
Fig 3
Fig 3. The CBS structure improvement based on DSConv.
Fig 4
Fig 4. The improved C3STR structure.
Fig 5
Fig 5. (a) The network structure of BiFPN; (b) The BiFPN network structure used in this paper.
Fig 6
Fig 6. (a) Cr;(b) In;(c) Pa;(d) PS;(e) RS;(f) Sc.
Fig 7
Fig 7. (a) YOLOv5s; (b) FasterNet-YOLO.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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