Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: VW, AH and LF filed a patent for the use of CMV status in predictive assays. TE reports the following conflicts of interest: Astra Zeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, GSK, Gilead, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, MSD, Stemline. AH reports the following conflicts of interest: Speakers Bureau: Roche, Novartis, Lilly, MSD, AstraZeneca, Daichi- iSankyo, Seagen, GSK, ExactScience, Gilead, Menarini Stemline, Pfizer, Eisai, Veracyte, Honoraria: Roche, Novartis, Lilly, MSD, AstraZeneca, Agendia, Seagen, GSK, ExactScience, Riemser, Teva, Onkowissen, Gilead, Menarini Stemline, Pfizer, Amgen, Pierre Fabre, Eisai, DaichiiSankyo, Thieme, Veracyte, Springer, Consulting or advisory role: Roche, Novartis, MSD, Agendia, AstraZeneca, GSK, ExactScience, Riemser, Teva, Onkowissen, Lilly, Gilead, Menarini Stemline, Pfizer, Amgen, Pierre Fabre, DaichiiSankyo, Travel support: Roche, Novartis, Lilly, AstraZeneca, GSK, ExactScience, Gilead, Menarini Stemline, Pfizer, DaichiiSankyo. LF reports grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss Cancer League, Hookipa Pharma, and Novartis Foundation outside the submitted work and an advisory role for Novartis and Bristol-Myers Squibb.